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[³í¹®] THE ARGUMENTS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF GOD IN CHRISTIAN APOLOGETICS (¿µ/ÇÑ) (03)
PAUL  2021-11-05 15:43:31, Á¶È¸ : 1,030

Paul Jang
10¿ù 8ÀÏ ¿ÀÈÄ 4:57 ¡¤
°øÀ¯ ´ë»ó: Àüü °ø°³
A DEMONSTRATION OF GOD AND THE ARGUMENTS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF CHRISTIAN GOD IN CHRISTIAN APOLOGETICS (03)
by Dr. Paul B. Jang (Ph.D, Christian Apologetics) (¿µ¹®/ÇѱÛ) ✝✝✝

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURES:
PHILOSOPHICAL AND THEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF
THE CONCEPTS AND EXISTENCE OF GOD

The word \\ Sein\\ in German has been called several names, \\ being,\\ \\ existence,\\ and \\ reality\\ in English according to the background of their thoughts, ages, and methods of its use. \\ Being\\ is the quality or state of having existence, \\ existence\\ the reality as presented in experience, and \\ reality\\ the quality or state of being real (Webster s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, 1990, 141, 435, 980). The terms, \\ being,\\ \\ existence,\\ and \\ reality\\ have been differently used according to those users.

CONCEPTS OF BEING

Looking into the philosophical consideration, \\ being\\ assumed to be idealistic nature, \\ existence\\ to be incarnational one which emphasizes a character, and \\ reality\\ to be totality. For Parmenides a Greek philosopher in ancient time, these concepts of God are differentiated a little, and have been put in the same category. In other words, \\ being\\ is abstractive and \\ reality\\ has totality (Wahl, 1948, 51). According to Jean Whale, it has been dialectically explained that existence was defined to be subjective partiality, reality to be objective totality, and being to be a kind of union of the two (Wahl, 1948, 54).

Shedd said \\ we define to being, and explain to existence,\\ emphasizing that being has to be applied to explain the essence of God in opposition to materialistic and pantheistic concept, and existence to be applied to refer to the simple question of existence of God in opposition to atheism (Shedd, 1889, 195). Bolden P. Bowne insisted that the three theoretic usages had to be limited to the aspect of essence (Bowne, 1898, 13).

But in the objective meaning, the two are identified, and those have diversity of meaning according to the background of those thoughts. For examples, being of Plato has an idealistic sense according to the background of his thought, and reality of Hegel or Bradley has the meaning of dialectic spiritualism according to the background of their thoughts. The existence of Heidegger or Nietzsche has existential meaning according to the background of their thoughts. In other words, a word may be used of good or evil by its user as if a knife may be used to be good or evil.

Here, theological theory itself is apt to be shaken when it is not to catch the Christian concept of the word. The concept of Christian existence does absolutely depend upon the fact that God exists. Only under the hypothesis of the fact of this absolute existence, the theological basis can be rightly set on. This absolute One is neither that of idealism of Plato, nor that of dialectical reality of Hegel, nor that of existentialism of Heidegger, and nor that of materialism of Feuer Bach.

Benjamin B. Warfield said that it is not enough for us to say \\ God\\ because God cannot be limited in a definition by man (Warfield, 1968, 7). Of course, this does not mean the same as the pantheistic conception that means universal frame. In pantheism, God is all in all. God pervades all things, contains all things...in short, pantheism views the world as God and God as the world (Geisler and Watkins, 1983, 79)

The existence of God fully contains the transcendental and immanent concepts, and divinity and personality at the same time. Depending upon such a true concept of the existence of God the meaning of existence may be understood. And only depending upon this concept of existence it is possible to understand the general concept of other existences because God is Creator, that I am who I am as Causer, the First Cause (Ex. 3:14). Cornelius Van Til accepted the secondary ones under the existence of Absolute One (Van Til, 1969, 46). 💟💟💟

- To be continued -


µ¶ÀÏ¾î ¡°Sein¡±Àº ±×°ÍÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â »ç»ó°ú ½Ã´ë, ±×¸®°í ¹æ¹ýÀÇ ¹è°æ¿¡ µû¶ó ¿µ¾î·Î ¡°being,¡± \\ existence,\\ ±×¸®°í \\ reality\\ µî ¸î¸î ¿ë¾î·Î ºÒ·Á¿Ô´Ù. ¡°Being¡±Àº Á¸ÀçÀÇ º»ÁúÀ̳ª »óŸ¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ°í, ¡°existence¡±´Â °æÇèÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ½ÇÁ¸À̸ç, Reality¡°´Â ½ÇÀçÀÇ º»ÁúÀ̳ª »óŸ¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù(Webster s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, 1990, 141, 435, 980). \\ being,\\ \\ existence,\\ and \\ reality\\ µîÀÇ ¿ë¾îµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÀÌ¿ëÀÚ¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¾çÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù.

CONCEPTS OF BEING (Á¸ÀçÀÇ °³³ä)

öÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î »ìÆ캸¸é, \\ being\\ Àº ÀÌ»óÀû ¼º°Ý, \\ existence\\ ´Â Ư¼ºÀ» °­Á¶ÇÏ´Â ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ Á¸Àç·Î, ±×¸®°í \\ reality\\ ´Â ÀüüÀûÀÎ ½ÇÀç·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ¿´´Ù. °í´ë Èñ¶øÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚ Parmenides¿¡ µû¸£¸é, Çϳª´Ô¿¡ °üÇÑ ÀÌ °³³äµéÀº ´Ù¼Ò ´Þ¶úÀ» »Ó, °°Àº ¹üÁÖ¿¡ ³Ö¾ú´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, \\ being\\ Àº Ãß»óÀûÀ̸ç, \\ reality\\ ´Â ÀüüÀûÀÌ´Ù(Wahl, 1948, 51). Jean Whale¿¡ µû¸£¸é, existence ´Â ÁÖ°üÀû ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î Á¤ÀǵǾú°í, reality ´Â °´°üÀû ÀüüÀ̸ç, being Àº µÑÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ¿¬ÇÕ°ü°è¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù.

Shedd´Â ¡°¿ì¸®´Â beingÀÌ À¯¹°·Ð°ú ¹ü½Å·ÐÀû °³³ä¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ¿© Çϳª´ÔÀÇ º»ÁúÀ» ¼³¸íÇϴµ¥ Àû¿ëµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» °­Á¶Çϸ鼭 being¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ¹«½Å·Ð¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ¿© Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Á¸Àç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¼øÇÑ Áú¹®À» ¾ð±ÞÇÏ´Â µ¥ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù¡±¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù(Shedd, 1889, 195). Bolden P. BowneÀº ±× ¼¼ °¡Áö ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀÎ ¿ë¹ýÀº º»ÁúÀÇ ±¹¸é¿¡ ÇÑÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù(Bowne, 1898, 13).

±×·¯³ª °´°üÀûÀÎ Àǹ̿¡ À־, ±× µÑÀº µ¿ÀÏÇϸç, ±×°ÍµéÀÇ »ç»óÀÇ ¹è°æ¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¾çÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, ÇöóÅæÀÇ ¡®being¡¯Àº ±×ÀÇ »ç»óÀÇ ¹è°æ¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ°í, HegelÀ̳ª BradleyÀÇ ¡®reality¡¯´Â ±×µéÀÇ »ç»óÀû ¹è°æ¿¡ µû¶ó º¯Áõ¹ýÀû À¯½É·ÐÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. Heidegger³ª NietzscheÀÇ existence ´Â ±×µéÀÇ »ç»óÀû ¹è°æ¿¡ µû¶ó ½ÇÁ¸Àû Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ´Ü¾î¶õ ¸¶Ä¡ Ä®ÀÌ ¼±(good)À¸·Î ȤÀº ¾Ç(evil)À¸·Î »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Í°ú °°ÀÌ ±×°ÍÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡ µû¶ó ¼±ÇÏ°Ôµµ ¾ÇÇÏ°Ôµµ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

½ÅÇÐÀû ÀÌ·Ð ÀÚü´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ±âµ¶±³ ¸»¾¸ÀÇ °³³äÀ» ºÙÀâÁö ¸øÇÒ ¶§ Èçµé¸®±â ½±´Ù. ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ Á¸Àç °³³äÀº Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î Çϳª´Ô²²¼­ Á¸ÀçÇϽŴ٠´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÜÁö ÀÌ Àý´ë Á¸ÀçÀÇ »ç½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡Á¤ÇÏ¿¡¼­¸¸ ½ÅÇÐÀû ±âÃÊ°¡ ¿Ã¹Ù¸£°Ô Á¤¸³µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ Àý´ë Á¸Àç´Â ÇöóÅæ(Plato)ÀÇ ÀÌ»óÁÖÀÇÀ̳ª Çì°Ö(Hegel)ÀÇ º¯Áõ¹ýÀû ½ÇÀç, ÇÏÀ̵¥Ä¿(Heidegger)ÀÇ ½ÇÁ¸ÁÖÀÇ, ±×¸®°í Æ÷¿¡¸£ ¹ÙÇÏ(Feuer Bach)ÀÇ À¯¹°·ÐÀÇ Á¸Àçµµ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.

Benjamin B. Warfield´Â Çϳª´Ô²²¼­ Àΰ£¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¤ÀÇ¿¡ Á¦ÇÑÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¿ì¸®´Â ¡®Çϳª´Ô¡°À» ¸»Çϱ⿡´Â ÃæºÐÄ¡ ¾Ê´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù(Geisler and Watkins, 1983, 79). Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Á¸Àç´Â ÃÊ¿ùÀûÀÌ¸ç ³»ÀçÀûÀÎ °³³äÀ» ÃæºÐÈ÷ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, µ¿½Ã¿¡ ½Å¼º°ú ÀΰݼºÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ Á¸Àç °³³ä¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çؼ­ Á¸ÀçÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ Á¸Àç °³³ä¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çؼ­¸¸ Çϳª´Ô²²¼­ âÁ¶ÁÖÀ̽ñ⠶§¹®¿¡ Á¦ÀÏ ¿øÀÎÀÚ(the first Causer)·Î¼­ ½º½º·Î ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ(Ãâ 3:14)ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ Á¸ÀçÀÇ ÀϹÝÀû °³³äÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Cornelius Van TilÀº Àý´ëÀÚÀÇ Á¸Àç¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çؼ­ Á¦2ÀÇ Á¸Àç(the secondary cause)¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´´Ù(Van Til, 1969, 46). 💟💟💟

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