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The Modern World (1800 AD-Onwards) (Philosophers: Immanuel. Kant)
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장부영
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2009-01-04 15:34:54, 조회 : 2,336 |
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2) Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
① He was the greatest product of the Enlightenment, a man of truly staggering genius. He is generally considered the greatest philosopher of modern times and his intellectual legacy is still being explored.
② He was born in Konigsberg in 1724 and died there in 1804, having spent almost all of the intervening period as a professor at Konigsberg University.
③ He never married or had a pet, he hated virtually all music and art (except poetry), and he followed the same routine every day like clockwork, that is to say, he was punctual.
④ He wrote the famous works, Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Practical Reason and Critique of Judgment.
⑤ In essence, His basic point was that human reason is incapable of making any sense unless it confines its attentions to the content of human experience - but the very fact that we are human, with preprogrammed physical and mental equipment for experiencing the world, means that that experience is not pure an objective but is partly our own certain.
⑥ He thought that reason cannot address issues such as the existence and nature of God, which lie outside our experience. In fact, before Kant, every one from Aquinas to Descartes had though it quite easy to prove God's existence like a mathematical theorem; after Kant, almost no one has tried to do this anymore, although many still defend "proofs" that suggest that God probably exists.
⑦ He thought that religion is not really a matter of knowing at all, but a matter of doing. For him religious life is the moral life.
⑧ He thought that ethical principle can be rationally determined and do not need the dictates of religion to establish them, and that the difference between the religions really mask underlying similarities.
⑨ He thought that doctrine is, in essence, irrelevant, and the mark of a good religion is the usefulness and validity of its ethics.
⑩ He was a Lutheran from a Pietist background, and it can be seen the influence of this non-rationalist, ethical, personal sort of faith in his views on religion of which views would prove extremely influential.
⑪ His thought would be central to 19th century theology. It is still extremely widespread today, since it has an inspiring sound to it and helps explain how religion(value) and science(fact) can be coexist.
⑫ He influenced Schleiermacher, the true founder of modern theology, even though the idea that religion is essentially about living right would be vehemently rejected by him.
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