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The Modern World (1800 AD-Onwards) (Liberalists: Reinhold Niebuhr)
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장부영
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2009-01-04 16:38:49, 조회 : 2,346 |
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(9) Reinhold Niebuhr (1892-1971)
1) He was born in 1892 in Missouri, knew as a child that he wanted to follow in his father's footsteps, and he trained at a seminary near St. Louis
run by his father's denomination. And in 1913, he was installed as pastor of his home church, replacing his own father, who had just died.
2) He spent two years of study at Yale's School of Religion before taking charge of the Bethel Evangelical Church in Detroit. Once he had taught at Union Seminary in New York.
3) He became involved in the social gospel movement, which campaigned for social reform in the name of Christian values.
4) But he found that it is impossible through Liberalism to solve the problem of the increasing gulf between rich and poor, bourgeoisie and workers.
5) He wrote a lot of works including his major works, Moral Man and Immoral Society, Radical Religion, Christian and Crisis.
6) He was not so much a theologian as a social ethicist. He argued that the fact id that more men in our modern era are irreligious because religion has failed to make civilization ethical than because it has failed to maintain the intellectual respectability.
7) He criticized that the attempts of Schleiermacher and his liberal successors to make Christianity intellectually credible, then were something of a waste of time, and that Similarly, the continental dialectical theology of Barth and Bultmann seemed entirely taken up it the task of restating Christian doctrines in one way or another.
8) For Niebuhr, the starting point of any Christian thinking must be humanity itself. He is quite close to the liberal tradition and sharply different from Barth, whose focus was always wholly on God.
9) He did not agree with liberalism's optimism about human nature and the progress of civilization, while he saw the human condition of pessimistic situation which was limited and overreached.
10) He regards sin as essentially, pride and the attempt to set oneself up as greater that one really is. Sin is a social phenomenon, not an individual.
11) In contrast to true Marxists, he does not believe it is possible for the sinful cycle to be broken by human means, otherwise at best, all to bring about in society by our own means is a system of checks on power, so that oppression is kept to a minimum, but religion, wit its emphasis on love and self-sacrifice, can break down the sinful cycle in society.
12) He combines a pessimistic analysis of human condition with the idealistic stress on the power of religion to overcome it (Christian realism).
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