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The Reformation and Reaction (1500-1800 AD) (Philip Melanchthon)
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장부영
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2008-11-30 00:30:59, 조회 : 2,441 |
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3. Philip Melanchthon (1497-1560)
(1) He was born in 1497 in southern Germany, who was the great nephew of John Reuchlin (1455-1522), a leading German Humanist and the foremost Christian Hebrew scholar of his day.
(2) He studied at Heidelberg and Tubingen University, completing his studies at an unusually early age. He came under Humanist influence and became a lifelong admirer of Erasmus.
(3) He was appointed professor of Greek at Wittenberg University on Reuchlin's recommendation in 1518. Here he was influenced by Luther and drawn into the Reformation camp. In 1519 he joined the theological faculty, though without ever leaving the arts faculty.
(4) Melanchthon who was a closet friend of Luther was a somewhat timid, moderate and conciliatory Humanist scholar.
(5) He was the author of the Augsburg Confession, the most important Lutheran confession of faith.
(6) His main theological work was his Commonplace first written in 1521, being the first Protestant attempt at a systematic theology.
(7) At that time Melanchthon aimed to rescue theology from philosophical distortions and to give it a firmly scriptural basis. He considered that Platonism had missed the early Fathers and Aristotle the Scholastics.
(8) Melanchthon sided with Luther when controversy arose between Luther and Zwingli over the real presence on the Lord's Supper.
(9) In fact, at the Marburg Colloquy in 1519 it was Melanchthon who, remained intransigent and held Luther firm.
(10) In 1540 he published a revised version of the Augsburg Confession, which no longer taught the real presence. The 1555 Commonplaces also omitted ant reference to the real presence.
(11) After that, his theory on the Lord's Supper was acceptable to Calvin who believed the theory of Spiritual presence, for instance. Luther was given by Melanchthon's change, but he did not oppose Melanchthon openly.
(12) Luther could not modify his position because all of his teaching might be brought into disrepute and he had gone too far on the issue of the real presence.
(13) The attacks on Melanchthon by those who considered that he had betrayed the heritage of Luther continued until his death in 1
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