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The Reformation and Reaction (1500-1800 AD) (Ulrich Zwingli)
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장부영
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2009-01-04 15:08:16, 조회 : 2,400 |
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5. Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531)
(1) He was born on the New year's Day 1484 who is the founder of Swiss Protestantism. He was in the Protestant position at about the same time as Luther, largely independently of him.
(2) He was trained in the 'old way' of Thomas Aquinas while Luther was taught the 'modern way' by the disciples of Gabriel Biel.
(3) He was strongly influenced by the Humanism of Erasmus. He felt that no doctrine should be contrary to reason, while Luther allowed considerably less role for reason in theology (cf. the Lord's Supper).
(4) He was appointed parish priest at Glarus in 1506. He there began to attack the mercenary trade, when Swiss soldiers were in great demand as mercenaries - it was a lucrative source of income, much like Swiss banking today.
(5) He gradually introduced reform at Zurich, at first with the approval of the Roman Catholic authorities.
(6) He produced the first of his many Reformation writings in 1522, which helped to spread his ideas widely through Switzerland.
(7) He was himself killed on the battlefield, at Kappel. And then Heinrich Bullinger succeeded him as chief minister of Zurich.
(8) One of Zwingli's first writings was The Clarity and Certainty of God's Word, published in 1522. Here he propounded the fundamental Protestant principle of the final authority of Scripture. God's word is certain.
(9) His own experience that certainty comes not from human learning nor from church authority but from humbly listening to God himself.
(10) He discovered in practice that sincerely seeking to hear God's word did not necessarily end all disagreement.
(11) He had faced the problems of two controversies:
1) Baptism, in particular the baptism of infants (Anabaptists): In this subject, he believed the infant baptism on the basis that it the sign of the covenant and the covenant embraces the whole family and not just sign of the individual.
2) Sacrament, namely the Lord's Supper (Luther and Catholic Church): He rejected the transubstantiation (Roman Catholic Church) and the consubstantiation ( Luther), and he believed that the bread and blood are the symbols of Christ body and blood. He maintained this stand to the end of his life, In Confession of Faith, written in 1530, he set out his teaching.
(12) He had no time to mature his doctrine of the sacrament (the baptism and the Lord's Supper), and so this task left to Calvin, with the result that Reformed Protestantism is known as Calvinism.
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