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The Middle Ages (West) (500-1500 AD) (Peter Abelard)
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장부영
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2008-11-30 00:07:46, 조회 : 2,355 |
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9. Peter Abelard (1079-1141)
(1) He was born in Brittany in 1079. He studied under the theologian Roscellin, who was condemned for heresy, then at Paris under William of Champeaux.
(2) He was the most brilliant thinker of the twelfth century. He was its enfant terrible, both in his erotic behavior and in his erratic theology.
(3) He juxtaposed apparently conflicting passages from the Bible, the early Fathers and other authorities in which his major work called Sic et Non (Yes and No) written by him in 1122. This is his basic approach to theology.
(4) Anselm of Canterbury followed the method of 'faith seeking understanding' which was the monastic tradition. 'I believe in order that I may understand.' In opposition to this, Aberald introduced the method of doubt.
(5) The way to reach the truth is to doubt, to ask questions and thus to find the answer. He stated that 'by doubting we come to enquire and by inquiring we reach truth. Doubt is not so much a sin (the traditional understanding of it) as the necessary beginning of all knowledge.
(6) He sought to understand Christian doctrine in order to know what to believe-a reversal of the method of Augustine and Anselm. Theology had become a science instead of a meditation. This step points forward to the rise of the modern scientific method some centuries later and also anticipates modern educational methods.
(7) He applied this method to the doctrine of the atonement. He questioned the need for a ransom to be paid to God, who could simply forgive us.
(8) One of his works was condemned at the Council of Soissons in 1121 and burnt. Hereafter he felt that he was being hounded by the watchdogs of Orthodoxy, especially one of them was a Bernard who was radically opposed to Abelard's teaching.
(9) He died in 1141, having become a monk at the famous abbey of Cluny.
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