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The Middle Ages (West) (500-1500 AD) (Thomas Aquinas)
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장부영
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2008-11-30 00:10:51, 조회 : 2,431 |
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13. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)
(1) He was born in 1225 near Naples as the younger son of the count of Aquinas. He went to the university of Naples and there in 1244, joined the new Order of Preachers, the Dominican friars.
(2) He studied at Paris and at Cologne under the famous Dominican theologian Albert the Great from he was influenced in his thought.
(3) He thaught at Paris and in Italy until his death in 1274, on the way to the Council of Lyons.
(4) He faced the important issue of the thirteenth century - how to react to the philosophy of Aristotle. He did not agree with the people who wanted to suppress the philosophy of Aristotle and did not follow the position of Bonaventure, who kept to the traditional Platonist world-view.
(5) He did follow Aristotle's philosophy. And also he parted company with those who followed Aristotle to the point of contradicting Catholic doctrine.
(6) His essential aim was to construct a synthesis between reason and faith, philosophy and theology, Aristotle and Catholic doctrine. He thought that Aristotelian philosophy and Catholic theology could be held together.
(7) He believed that the aim of God's grace is not to destroy human nature, nor to act separately from it, but to perfect it, and human reason, by the use of philosophy, can discover much that is true about the world, humanity and even God. Accordingly the purpose of divine revelation is to perfect human philosophy by adding to it, building on it, completing on it.
(8) He wrote commentaries on Scripture, philosophical and theological treatises, commentaries on Aristotle. The most important works:
1) The Manual against the heathen (1260s)
It was written for the benefit of unbelievers, like Jews and Muslims.
2) Summa Theologia (The Sum of Theology, The last ten years)
It was taken the theology of Augustine which was presented in Neo- Platonist terms, and restated it in Aristotelian terms. The layout of The Sum of Theology is divided into two further parts. The whole work is divided into 512 questions, each of which is normally divided into a number (from one to ten) of points of inquiry. He taught about:
① About Analogy
② About God
③ About Good
④ About Eucharist:
(1) Consubstantiation
(2) Annihilation
(3) Conversion (Transubstantiation)
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