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The Middle Ages (West) (500-1500 AD) (Meister Eckhart)
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장부영
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2008-11-30 00:12:47, 조회 : 2,402 |
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17. Meister Eckhart (1260-1327)
(1) He was born in about 1260 and died in 1327/28. He was a popular and respected teacher, but he was incautious in some of statements- for example, in referring to a 'divine spark' within the human soul.
(2) He was called as the father of German philosophy, and more called as the founder of German mysticism.
(2) His presence had brought a new turning point for the German Christian thought. But his teaching was condemned as a heresy in 1325. And so he excused himself on his teaching but Pope John XXII sentenced him as a heretic on march 27, 1329.
(3) He was condemned as mystic because he emphasized not so much appeal to intelligence as appeal to soul despite he still adopted the method of scholastic philosophy. His though had several characteristics:
1) In theology, he distinguished 'Gottheit' and 'Gott'. Namely the Gottheit means absolute God while Gott means personal God.
2) In trinity, he held that Gottheit reveals himself the revelation which be eternally developing, that is to say Gottheit is Gott incarnated as the persons of God head. Therefore Gottheit is essence in which includes possibility of all things.
3) He held that Gott is personal Creator, the Ruler of the universe and so He wants to unite with all creatures.
4) As a result of this reasoning, he tended to pantheism under the influence of Neo-Platonism. He believed that 'God is all, and all is God'.
5) He emphasized the union between the existence of God and the existence of the creature while Thomas Aquinas distinguished between the two.
6) The mediator is a light soul, by which the light unites between God and man as if food goes into the human body and united between the two.
7) For him, the incarnation of Christ also need to unite between God and Man. ('Gott ist Mensch worden dass wir Gott Wurden').
8) For him, sin is to be tied to finite creature and seek the pleasures of sense, therefore giving up the carnal love of sense and pleasures and uniting with God through Christ, there is salvation.
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