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The Middle Ages (West) (500-1500 AD) (Jan Hus (John Huss)
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장부영
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2008-11-30 00:16:41, 조회 : 2,412 |
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20. Jan Hus (John Huss) (1372-1415)
(1) He was born in about 1372 of poor parents in Bohemia. In fact, in 1360 the king of Bohemia (the modern day Czech Republic) invited one Conard of Waldhausen to come and preach against corruption in the church. From that time on there was a national reform movement in Bohemia.
(2) He went to study at the University of Prague in 1391, where in 1402 he was appointed rector and preacher at the Bohemian Chapel where this was the place for reform preaching founded by a wealthy merchant.
(3) He confessed himself a disciple of Wycliff and was undoubtedly influenced by him, but only to a limited extent.
(4) He followed Wycliff's attacks on clerical corruption, especially simony or the sale of spiritual privileges, and he accepted Wycliff's position at one vital point-his appeal from the institutional, hierarchical church to the invisible church of the elect.
(5) His promotion was to be short-lived. He was not an original theologian, and he did not write a great deal, and most of his writings were little more than a paraphrase of the works of Wycliff.
(6) His preaching ran along two lines:
1) He rejected any doctrine or practice that was not to be found in the Bible like Wycliff. In particular, he focused on the way the Eucharist was understood. Like Wycliff, he rejected the transubstantiation of the Catholic doctrine that the bread and wine actually become Christ's body and blood, rather the bread and wine remain what they are but become united to Christ's body and blood in similar to Luther's consubstantiation.
2) He second main concern was with abuse of power within the church, that is to say the power of pope of the church. He argued that the power must be owned not by the pope of the church but only by Christ.
(7) At the heart of his teaching was a radical rejection of the power system that had developed in the church. He also hated that ecclesiastical authority should go hand in hand with political power.
(8) When the archbishop obtained from the pope a ban on preaching in chapels including the Bethlehem Chapel, Hus refused to obey and so in 1410 he was excommunicated by the archbishop. In the same year archbishop burned two hundred volumes of Wycliff's works, and so Hus and others responded by defending Wycliff's orthodoxy.
(9) Some of his actual teachings, especially on the church, were also tried and deemed to be heretic, but Hus refused to recant so on July 1415 he was condemned for heresy and taken on the outskirt of the city to be burnt.
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