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The Middle Ages (West) (500-1500 AD) (Council of Florence)
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장부영
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2008-11-30 00:17:25, 조회 : 2,411 |
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21. Council of Florence (1438-1435 AD)
(1) The Council of Florence met in three different places - Ferrara (1438-39), Florence (1439-42) and Rome (1443-45) - though the important business took place at Florence of which the major business was the reconciliation of the Eastern Orthodox church to Rome.
(2) The Easterners were desperate for military help as Turkish pressure on Constantinople increased and this forced them to make theological concession.
(3) There were four disputed points to be discussed. In 1439 the Easterners gave almost completely on these and a decree was issued:
1) The Easterners were forced to accept the Western insertion into the Nicene Creed of the word filioqui which is a dogmatic formula (the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son).
2) It is permissible in the eucharist to use either leavened bread (Eastern practice) or unleavened bread (the Western practice).
3) The Easterners accepted the Roman doctrine of purgatory as a place where 쇈 who die penitent but without having made 'satisfaction' for their sins suffer temporary punishment.
4) The Easterners were forced to accepted the pope as 'the successor of blessed Peter (the prince of the apostles) and the true vicar of Christ, the head of the whole church and father and teacher of Christians'. The pope has 'full authority to feed, rule and govern the universal church'.
(4) This decree was repudiated by the Eastern churches when the delegates returned. There was no significant military aid from the West and in 1453 Constantinople fell. The decree then became a dead letter in the East.
(5) And also in 1439, 'agreement' was reached with the Armenian Church. This church had never accepted the Council of Chalcedon, due to an accident of history. The agreement with the Armenians was no more permanent than that with the Orthodox. But the decree issued 몽 a wider significance, as first listed it is the first definition by a council of seven sacraments, ad first
listed by Peter Lombard.
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