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IV. The Reformation and Reaction (1500-1800 AD) (Introduction)
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장부영
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2008-11-30 00:19:10, 조회 : 2,397 |
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IV. THE REFORMATION AND REACTION (1500-1800 AD)
[INTRODUCTION]
(1) In 1500 papal supremacy over Christendom appeared secure.
1) The Eastern churches had suffered a devastating blow in the capture of Constantinople by the Turks (1453).
2) Conciliarism appeared to have been suppressed by repeated condemnations.
(2) The foundations of papal power were not secure. Before long they were to be shaken by the earthquake of the Protestant Reformation.
(3) A number of factors already appeared as the signals of Reformation:
1) Wycliff showed how attack on abuses could develop into criticism of doctrine. Of course, there were many of other pre-Reformers.
2) Erasmus showed why attack on the absolute papal power could develop into criticism authority of Catholic Church through Humanism (not to be confused with today's atheist or agnostic Humanism), of which keyword was 'back to resource, - the Hebrew and Greek Bible and the early Church Fathers (Humanism impacted to the church life at that time).
(4) Martin Luther was the pioneer of the Reformation, who prepared to stand alone against the might of the Roman Church.
(5) Zwingli in Zurich began to preach reform at much the same time as Luther. While he was to some extent influenced by Luther, he was an independent thinker and differed from Luther on some matters.
(6) Luther and Zwingli were magisterial Reformers - that is, they introduced reform in cooperation with the magistrates or rulers.
(7) The Reformation found the Roman Catholic Church Largely which did not prepared. But this situation did not continued forever.
(8) The Council of Trent met in the middle of the century to redefine the doctrine of Roman Catholic Church in direction to Counter reformation for the reform of the Catholic Church (Ignatius Loyola).
(9) The first fifty years of the Reformation was a period of new ideas. But the living creative movements of the early period were before long codified into detailed dogmatic systems (Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism, Calvinism).
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