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The Great Schism (The Eastern and Western churches)
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장부영
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2008-11-08 13:46:17, 조회 : 2,427 |
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9. The Great Schism
(1) In 1054 Roman ambassadors went into the great cathedral St. Sophia in Constantinople, and marched up to the magnificent altar and placed upon it a papal bull of excommunication. As they left, the cathedral's priests chased after them, trying to give the bull back. But they failed.
(2) The pope had excommunicated the entire Eastern Church. At that time, in the West, the collapse of the empire 몽 led the church to become more centrally organized under the pope, while in the East, the supreme figurehead of the church was the Byzantine emperor. (West = Pope/monarchy/군주제: East = the Seven great councils/republic/공화제)
(3) Schism of 1054 (East-West Schism) Event that separated the Byzantine and Roman churches.
1) The Eastern and Western churches had long been estranged over doctrinal issues such as the relationship of the Holy Spirit to the Father and the Son.
2) The Eastern church resented the Roman enforcement of clerical celibacy and the limitation of the right of confirmation to the bishop.
3) There were also jurisdictional disputes between Rome and Constantinople, including Rome's assertion of papal primacy.
4) In 1054 Pope Leo IX, through his representative Humbert of Silva Candida, and the patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Cerularius, excommunicated each other, an event that marked the final break between the two churches.
5) The rift widened in subsequent centuries, and the churches have remained separate, though the excommunications were lifted by the papacy and the patriarch in the 20th century.
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