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±³È¸¼ºÀå·Ð (Theory of Church Growth)
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ÀåºÎ¿µ
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2008-03-22 03:04:30, Á¶È¸ : 3,740 |
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±³È¸¼ºÀå·Ð (Theory of Church Growth)
±³È¸¼ºÀå·Ð ¼·Ð
(Introduction of Church Growth Theory)
Çϳª´Ô²²¼´Â ±³È¸°¡ ¼ºÀåÇϱ⸦ ¿øÇÏ½Ç »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±³È¸°¡ ±×¿¡°Ô Ãæ½ÇÇϱ⸦ ¹Ù¶ó½Å´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±³È¸´Â Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ¼ºÀåÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±× ³»¿ë¿¡ À־µ Çϳª´Ô º¸½Ã±â¿¡ Ãæ½ÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. McGavran, Donald A., Understanding Church Growth, (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1988), p. 5.
±³È¸¼ºÀåÀº µÎ °¡Áö Â÷¿ø¿¡¼ °í·ÁµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ù°°¡ ¼öÁ÷ÀûÀÎ Â÷¿ø(vertical dimension)ÀÌ¿ä, µÑ°°¡ ¼öÆòÀû Â÷¿ø(horizontal dimension)ÀÌ´Ù. ¼öÁ÷Àû Â÷¿øÀ̶ó ÇÔÀº ±³È¸¼ºÀå¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ½ÅÀû Â÷¿ø(divine dimension)À» ¸»ÇÔÀÌ¿ä, ¼öÆòÀû Â÷¿øÀº Àΰ£Àû Â÷¿ø(human dimension)À» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ½ÅÀû Â÷¿øÀ̶ó ÇÔÀº ±³È¸¸¦ ¼ºÀå½ÃÅ°´Âµ¥ ÀÖ¾î¼ ±× ¼ºÀå¿ä¼ÒÀÇ ¿øõ(source)À» Çϳª´Ô¿¡°Ô¼ ã´Â °ÍÀÌ°í, Àΰ£Àû Â÷¿øÀ̶ó ÇÔÀº ±³È¸ÀÇ ¼ºÀå¿ä¼Ò¸¦ Àΰ£¿¡°Ô¼ ã´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ±³È¸¼ºÀå ¿ä¼ÒÀÇ ¾ç¸é¼ºÀÌ´Ù.
Çϳª´Ô²²¼´Â ±³È¸¼ºÀå¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÁÖµµÀûÀÎ(initiative) ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇϽñ⸦ ¿øÇϽŴÙ. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, Çϳª´ÔÀº Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ±³È¸¸¦ ÁÖ°üÇϽñ⸦ ¿øÇϽŴÙ. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±³È¸¶õ ÁÖ ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ²²¼ ¼¼¿ì½Å Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ½Å¼ºÇÑ ±â°üÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù(¸¶ 16:18). ¸¶ÀÌŬ ÇϹÐÅæ(Michael Hamilton)Àº ¹Ì±¹ Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾ÆÀÇ ·Î½º¾ØÁ©·¹½º ºÏÂÊ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆĻ絥³ª¿¡¼ ¿·È´ø ±³È¸¼ºÀå ¼¼¹Ì³ª¿¡¼, µµ³¯µå ¸Æ°¡ºê¶õ(Donald A. McGavran) ¹Ú»ç°¡ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ¸»À» ÀοëÇÏ¿© ¡°Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° ÀÚ³àµéÀ» ã´Â °ÍÀÌ ±³È¸¼ºÀåÀ» À§ÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ¶æÀÌ´Ù¡± ¶ó°í Çß´Ù. Hamilton, Michael, God's Plan for the Church Growth, (Springfield: Gospel Publishing House, 1981), p. 5.
±³È¸¼ºÀåÀÇ ¼öÁ÷Àû Â÷¿øÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ Çϳª´Ô²² ´ëÇÑ °ü°è·Î, ±¸¼Ó»ç¿ª¿¡ °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â Áß¿äÇÑ ½ÅÇÐÀûÀÎ À̽´(issue)ÀÌ´Ù. Çϳª´Ô²²¼´Â ±¸¼Ó»ç¿ªÀ» ¿Ï¼ºÇϼ̴µ¥, ÀÌÁ¡¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Á¶Á÷½ÅÇÐÀÚÀÎ Ç Ƽ¼¾(Henry C. Thiessen)Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡°Çϳª´Ô²²¼´Â ±¸¼Ó°èȹÀ» ¿¹Á¤Çϼ̴Ù. ÀÌ °èȹ ¼Ó¿¡´Â ±¸¿øÀÌ ÁغñµÇ´Â ¹æ¹ýµé°ú, ½ÇÇöµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ ¸ñÀûµé, ÀÌ ÀºÇý¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÒ »ç¶÷µé, ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¶°Çµé, ±×¸®°í Àû¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁßÀç¿Í ¼ö´ÜµéÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù.¡± Thiessen, Henry C., Lectures in Systematic Theology, (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1976), p. 277. ¼ººÎ Çϳª´Ô²²¼ ±¸¼ÓÀ» °èȹÇϼ̰í, ¼ºÀÚ ±×¸®½ºµµ²²¼ ±¸¼ÓÀ» ¼ºÃëÇϼÌÀ¸¸ç, ¼º·É²²¼ ±× ±¸¼ÓÀ» Àΰ£¿¡°Ô Àû¿ë½ÃÅ°½Ã°í °è½Å´Ù. Strong, Augustus Hopkins, Systematic Theology, (Valley Forge: Judson Press, 1985), p. 665
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¹°·Ð, ±¸¼ÓÀÇ °èȹÀ̳ª ±¸¼ÓÀÇ ¼ºÃë, ±×¸®°í ±¸¼ÓÀÇ Àû¿ë µîÀÌ ÀüÇô µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ »ç¿ª¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù´Â Àǹ̰¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ±¸¼Ó»ç¿ªµµ ¿ª½Ã âÁ¶»ç¿ª(works of Creation)°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î »ïÀ§²²¼ ÇÔ²² ÀdzíÇϽðí, ¼ºÃëÇϽðí, Àû¿ëÇϽô °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ÜÁö ½ÅÇÐÀûÀÎ ³í¸®·Î ¼³¸íÇÒ ¶§¿¡, Çϳª´Ô²²¼´Â º»Ã¼·ÐÀû(Üâô÷ÖåîÜ, ontological) Ãø¸é¿¡¼ º¼ ¶§ ÀÏüÀ̽øç, °æ·û·ÐÀû(Ìè×ÃÖåîÜ, economical) Ãø¸é¿¡¼ º¼ ¶§ »ïÀ§¶ó´Â ¿ø¸®¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼³¸íÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¼ººÎ Çϳª´ÔÀº ±¸Ó°èȹÀ? ¼ºÀÚ Çϳª´ÔÀº ±¸¼ÓÀÇ ¼ºÃ븦, ±×¸®°í ¼º·É Çϳª´ÔÀº ±¸¼ÓÀÇ Àû¿ëÀ» ÁÖµµÇϽŴٴ ¶æÀÌ´Ù. Berkhof, Louis, Systematic Theology, (London: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1971), p. 415.
¾î¶² Àǹ̿¡¼ ±³È¸¼ºÀåÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÃູÀ̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé Çϳª´ÔÀÇ µµ¿ì½É ¾øÀÌ´Â Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ±³È¸°¡ ¼ºÀåÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ °æ·û·ÐÀû(Ìè×ÃÖåîÜ) »ïÀ§ÀÏü(economical Trinity)ÀÇ ³í¸®·Î º¼ ¶§, ±³È¸¼ºÀåÀº Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¼º·ÉÀÇ ¿ª»ç¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í Çϳª´Ô²²¼´Â ±³È¸¸¦ ¼¼¿ì°í, ¼ºÀå½ÃÅ°½Ã´Â µ¥´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª Àΰ£À» µµ±¸·Î »ç¿ëÇϽŴÙ. ÀÌÁ¡¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¾¾¼¼¸ð¾î(John T. Sisemore)´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÁöÀûÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¡°Çϳª´Ô²²¼ ±³È¸¼ºÀåÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© Ç×»ó Àΰ£À» µµ±¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ½Å´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ßÇØ´Â Àΰ£ÀÌ È¦·Î Àڷ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ±³È¸¸¦ ¼ºÀå½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â Àǹ̰¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ´Ü¼øÇÑ Àΰ£À¸·Î¼´Â ±³È¸¸¦ ¼ºÀå½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡´É¼º°ú ´É·ÂÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ±³È¸¼ºÀåÀº ÇϳªÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ °øµ¿ ÀÛ¾÷—Àΰ£ÀÇ ³ë·Â°ú Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ´É·ÂÀÇ °øµ¿ »ç¿ªÀ¸·Î âÃâµÇ´Â °á°úÀÌ´Ù.¡±(God seems to always use human instrumentality in producing church growth. This observation does not mean that man alone can produce authentic church growth. Mere man lacks both the potential and the power to grow a church. Church growth is the product of a unique synergy£a coalescence of human effort and divine empowerment) Sisemore, John T., Church Growth through the Sunday School, (Nashville: Broadman Press, 1983), forward.
¹°·Ð, ÀÌ °øµ¿ »ç¿ªÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ÁÖµµÀû ¿ªÇÒ°ú Á¾¼ÓÀû, ÀÇÁ¸Àû ¿ªÇÒ·Î ±¸ºÐÇؼ ÀÌÇصǾîÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, Çϳª´Ô²²¼ ÁÖµµÇϽðí Àΰ£Àº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¶æ¿¡ ¼øÁ¾ÇÔÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Çϳª´Ô²²¼ ÁÖµµÇϽŴٴ °ÍÀº ±³È¸ÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀÇÁö(the will toward church growth) »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¼ºÀå´É·Â(energy of growth)±îÁöµµ Çϳª´Ô²²¼ ºÎ¾îÁּż ±×ÀÇ ¿øÇϽô ±³È¸¼ºÀå¿¡·Î ÁÖµµÇϽŴٴ ¶æÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯¸é Àΰ£ÀÌ ±³È¸¼ºÀå¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÇϳªÀÇ µµ±¸·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù´Â Àǹ̴ °ú¿¬ ¹«½¼ ¶æÀΰ¡? ±â°è³ª µ¿¹°°ú °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇϽŴٴ ¶æÀΰ¡? ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Çϳª´Ô²²¼´Â Àΰ£À» ±â°èÀûÀ̳ª µ¿¹°ÀûÀ¸·Î, ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇÏ¸é ¸ÍÁ¾ÀÇ µµ±¸·Î »ç¿ëÇϽÃÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌÀ¯´Â ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù. ù°´Â Àΰ£À» Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Çü»óÀ¸·Î ÁöÀ¸¼Ì±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Çü»óÀ¸·Î ÁöÀ¸½Å Àΰ£À» ±â°è¿Í °°ÀÌ ¸ÍÁ¾À¸·Î »ç¿ëÇϽŴٸé, ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¸ÍÁ¾ÀÇ ±â°è¿Í °°ÀÌ ¸¸µå´Â ÀÚ°¡´çÂøÀÇ ¸ð¼ø¿¡ ºüÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù.
µÑ°·Î Àΰ£¿¡°Ô ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇÁö¸¦ Áּ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇÁö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÁöÇý¿Í ¿ë±â¿Í °á´Ü·ÂÀ» µ¿½Ã¿¡ Áּ̰í, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Ãູ ¾Æ·¡¼ ±× ÁöÇý¿Í ¿ë±â·Î °á´ÜÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô Çϼ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Çϳª´Ô²²¼´Â Àΰ£À» ±â°èÀûÀÎ Àΰ£À¸·Î âÁ¶ÇϽŠ°ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó À¯±âÀûÀÌ¸ç ¿µÀûÀÎ Àΰ£À¸·Î âÁ¶Çϼ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ Àΰ£À» ±â°èÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù·çÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇϽðí ÀΰÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù·ç½Å´Ù.
±×·¡¼ Àΰ£ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇÁö¸¦ Á¸ÁßÇØ ÁÖ½Ã¸é¼ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Àý´ëÁÖ±ÇÀ» Çà»çÇϽôµ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÁöÇý¿ä Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ´É·ÂÀÌ´Ù. ¼º°æ¿¡ º¸¸é, ¹Ù¿ï »çµµµµ ¡°³ª´Â ½É¾ú°í, ¾Æº¼·Î´Â ¹°À» ÁÖ¾úÀ¸µÇ, ¿ÀÁ÷ Çϳª´ÔÀº ÀÚ¶ó°Ô ÇϼÌÀ¸´Ï¡±(°íÀü 3:6) ¶ó°í ¸»Çؼ Àΰ£Àº ±³È¸¼ºÀå¿¡ º¸Á¶Àû ¿ªÇÒ, Áï ÇϳªÀÇ µµ±¸³ª ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾úÀ¸µÇ, ¼ºÀåÇÏ°Ô ÇϽô ÀÌ´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ Çϳª´ÔÀ̽öó°í ¿ª¼³Çß´Ù. ÀÌ ±¸Àý¿¡¼ ¡°³ª¡±(I) ¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ´Â ¹°·Ð ¹Ù¿ï »çµµ·Î¼ Àΰ£ÀÌ´Ù. ¡°¾Æº¼·Î¡±(Apollos) ¿ª½Ã Àΰ£ÀÌ´Ù. Àΰ£Àº ´ÜÁö Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ±³È¸ÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀ» À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â µµ±¸¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÒ »ÓÀÌ¿ä, ±³È¸ÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀº Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î Çϳª´Ô²² ¼ÓÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Àǹ̿¡¼ ±³È¸ÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀº ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÀºÇý¿Í ÃູÀ¸·Î¼, Àΰ£Àº ÀÌ »ç¿ª¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÔ°ú µ¿½Ã¿¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Áñ°Å¿ò¿¡µµ Âü¿©ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù(¸¶ 25:21).
±×·¯¹Ç·Î À̱³È¸¼ºÀå¿¡ÀÇ Á¢±Ù»ç¿ªÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ºÒ¸®¿òÀ» ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷Àº ±³È¸¼ºÀåÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ±×ÀÇ »ç¸íÀ» °¨´çÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ »ç¸íÀ̶õ Á¾ÀÌ º¹À½ÀÇ ¾¾¸¦ »Ñ¸®´Â °Í(seeding)°ú, ¹°À» ÁÖ´Â °Í(watering)°ú °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â °Í(management)µîÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ½ÅÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¸»ÇÏ¸é ¼±±³(mission)¿Í ¸ñȸ(ministry)¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀüÀÚ´Â ±³È¸°³Ã´(planting)À» À§ÇÑ Àüµµ¿Í ¼±±³ÀÌ¿ä, ÈÄÀÚ´Â ¼³±³(preaching)¿Í µ¹º½(pastoral care)À» ÅëÇÑ ¸ñȸ»ç¿ªÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù
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