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Existence of God (Historical And Philosophical Survey)
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장부영
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2008-03-31 22:09:23, 조회 : 3,013 |
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Existence of God (Historical And Philosophical Survey)
Paul Jang
Historical And Philosophical Survey
The concept of existence has two origins in history: Hellenic and Hebrew origin. First of all, the writer is going to talk about the origins of concept of the existence for the purpose of defining the term with which he will argue the existence of God in this doctoral dissertation.
Hellenic Origin
Surveying on the history of the Hellenic concept of the existence in its origin, it can be considered to three ages, i.e., the ancient, the medieval, and the modern age. According to these ages, the concept of existence would be mostly differentiated. It is very important to do such a historical survey on the concepts of existence of God according to each age in order to perfectly prove the existence of the biblical God.
The Concepts Of Existence In The Ancient
In the ancient, the concept of God was defined in accordance with the metaphysical concept of existence.
Augustine confessed that he heard as the heart heareth of God's crying to him from afar "I AM that I AM. (Augustine in the Great Books, 1971, 49, 272).
Parmenides (BC 540-470) had first used the word, "existence" around BC 5-6. The concept of existence in which he had used in his poetry meant "whole," "perfection," and "immutability" as a form of realm, and has been identified with "the thought of Being" or "knowledge" (Wahl, 1948, 28). On this concept, Parmenides said as follows:
Being and the thought of Being are the same. And all that is not Being is Not-being, that is, appearance. This theory is founded on the concept of unity according to him, to say and to think are the same, and we can think only existing things.
Hence; whatever can be thought and spoken of, is with these words Parmenides laid the foundation of every form of rationalism. Truth, Being, Thought are conceived as identical add as completely effaceable (Wahl, 1948, 141).
Heraclitus recognized "Becoming" but did not receive the concept of "Being." Parmenides said that he could find the unity and aloofness of the Heraclitean Logos, the belief of his concept of thought and unity, the Pythagorean belief in numbers---all themes are fundamental in rationalism united in Plato's theory of knowledge, which is a consequence of Socrates' affirmation of the objective validity of concepts was also influenced by the idea that like knows like (Wahl, 1948, 141).
Protagoras insisted that there was not a objective existence because all things must be always changed (Wahl, 1948, 28, 31).
Gorgias, a sophist had kept the position of agnosticism to the concept of existence. Agnosticists had made a distinction between "God" the so called "aeon" and "demiurge" (Yamauchi, 1983, 14).
Socrates asserted the "Ideas" as the concept of existence under the conditional judgement (Wahl, 1948, 28).
Plato had clearly defined the concept of existence in more "Phaedo" than in "Republic" as it were essence and value. Nevertheless, He could not be inevitable from the concept of Not-being. In other words, he conceived the concept of Not-being in his philosophical thought (Wahl, 1948, 29).
Aristotle regarded philosophy as the science of existence, and regarded his philosophical existence as the most real Ideas (Wahl, 1948, 30).
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선교운동소개
신학 