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Internal Helps for the Explanation of Words (´Ü¾î ¼³¸íÀ» À§ÇÑ ³»ºÎÀû µµ¿ò)
Àå¹Ù¿ï  2010-08-07 02:10:14, Á¶È¸ : 3,441



(C) Internal Helps for the Explanation of Words (p. 78)
(´Ü¾î ¼³¸íÀ» À§ÇÑ ³»ºÎÀû µµ¿ò)

The question naturally arises concerning how an interpreter can best discover what a word means in a certain connection. It may be thought that the most effective way is to consult a standard Lexicon, or some good Commentaries. (Çؼ®ÀÚ·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ¾î¶² ´Ü¾î°¡ ¾î¶² °Í¿¡ °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â Áö¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô °¡Àå Àß ¾Ë¾Æ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹®Á¦°¡ ´ç¿¬È÷ »ý±â°Ô µÈ´Ù)

(1) in many cases, this may be sufficient. (¸¹Àº °æ¿ì¿¡ ÃæºÐÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù)

(2) in other cases, it may prove necessary for an expositor to judge for himself. In this cases, he shall have to resort to the use of internal helps. The following are the most important:
(´Ù¸¥ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÁÖ¼®°¡°¡ ½º½º·Î ÆÇ´ÜÇÒ Çʿ伺ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì¿¡ ³»Àû µµ¿òÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍµéÀÌ´Ù)

1. Definitions or Explanations Which the Authors Themselves Give of Their Words Constitute One of the Most Efficient Helps.
(ÀúÀÚµé ÀڽŵéÀÌ ½º½º·Î Á¦½ÃÇÑ Á¤Àdzª ¼³¸íµéÀÌ °¡Àå È¿°úÀûÀÎ µµ¿ò Áß¿¡ Çϳª°¡ µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù)

(1) No one knows better than the author what particular sense he attaches to a word. (ÀúÀÚ°¡ ¾î¶² ´Ü¾î¿¡ ºÎ¿©ÇÑ Æ¯º°ÇÑ Àǹ̰¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ÀúÀÚº¸´Ù ´õ Àß ¾Æ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¾ø´Ù)

(2) The following examples may serve to illustrate what is meant:
(´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¿¹µéÀÌ Àǹ̰¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù)

Gen. 24:2

\"And Abraham said to the eldest servant of his house,\" to which is added by way of definition, \"that ruled over all that he had.\"

II Tim. 3:17

\"That the man of God may be perfect,\" which is said to mean, \"thoroughly furnished unto all good works.\"

Heb. 5 :14

\"But strong meat belongeth to them that are of full age\" (or, perfect), which is explained by the following words: \"even those who by reason of use have their senses exercised to discern both good and evil.\"
2. The Subject and Predicate of a Proposition Mutually Explain Each Other (ÁÖÁ¦ÀÇ Á־ ¼ú¾î°¡ »óÈ£ ¼³¸íÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù)

(1) In Matt. 5:13, where we read: \"If the salt have lost its savour,\" the meaning of the verb moranthei(mwranqh), which may also signify, to become foolish (cf. Rom. 1:22), is determined by the subject, salt. (¸¶ 5:13ÀÇ ¡°¸¸ÀÏ ¼Ò±ÝÀÌ ±× ¸ÀÀ» ÀÒÀ¸¸é¡±¿¡¼­ µ¿»ç ¡°¸ð¶õµ¥ÀÌ¡±´Â ¿ª½Ã Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±× ¶æÀº ¡°¾î¸®¼®°Ô µÈ´Ù¡± Àε¥, ±× ¶æÀº ÁÖ¾îÀÎ ¼Ò±Ý¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© °áÁ¤µÈ´Ù)

(2) In Rom. 8:19-23, the meaning of the subject, creature, is limited by the various predicates. The good angels are excluded by verse 20; the bad, by verses 19-21.

(3) The same verses make it impossible to include the wicked among men, while the 23rd verse also excludes the children of God. The idea is limited, therefore, to the irrational and inanimate creation.

3. Parallelism May Aid in Determining the Meaning of a Word
(»ó»ç±¸/º´Ç౸´Â ´Ü¾îÀÇ ¶æÀ» °áÁ¤ ¢´Â µ¥ À־ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù)

(1) This applies especially to synonymous and antithetical parallelism.
(ÀÌ°ÍÀº Ưº°È÷ »ó»ç ´ë±¸³ª Á¤¹Ý´ëÀÇ ´ë±¸¿¡ Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù)

1) In Ps. 7:13 we read: \"He hath also prepared for him the instruments of death (Á×ÀÏ ±â°è¸¦ ¶ÇÇÑ ¿¹ºñÇϽÉÀÌ¿© ±× ¸¸µç »ìÀº È­ÀüÀ̷δ٠(½Ã 7:13); which is explained by the following member: \"He ordaineth his arrows against the persecutors.\" (±×°¡ ÇдëÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¸¦ ÇâÇÏ¿© È­»ìÀ» ÁغñÇÏ¿´³ë¶ó)

2) In Isa. 46:11, the Lord says of himself that He is \"calling a ravenous bird from the East,\" (µ¿¹æ¿¡¼­ µ¶¼ö¸®¸¦ ºÎ¸£¸ç) and this finds its explanation in the parallelism: \"the man that executeth my counsel from a far country.\" (¸Õ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ ³ªÀÇ ¸ð·«À» ÀÌ·ê »ç¶÷À» ºÎ¸¦ °ÍÀ̶ó)

3) In II Tim. 2 :13, Paul affirms respecting God that \"He abideth faithful. He cannot deny himself.\" (ÁÖ´Â ÀÏÇâ ¹Ì»Ú½Ã´Ï Àڱ⸦ ºÎÀÎÇÏ½Ç ¼ö ¾øÀ¸½Ã¸®¶ó) The first expression explains the second, which in Luke 9:23 means to sacrifice personal, interests and pleasures. (ù Ç¥ÇöÀÌ µÑ° °ÍÀ» ¼³¸íÇϴµ¥, ´ª 9:23¿¡¼­ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ÀÌÀÍ°ú Äè¶ôÀ» Èñ»ýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù)

4) In Prov. 8:35, we read: \"For whoso findeth me findeth life\"; (´ëÀú ³ª¸¦ ¾ò´Â ÀÚ´Â »ý¸íÀ» ¾ò°í) and in the antithetical member of the parallelism in the following verse: \"But he that sinneth against me wrongeth his own soul.\" (8:36, ±×·¯³ª ³ª¸¦ ÀÒ´Â ÀÚ/¹üÁË ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ´Â ÀÚ±âÀÇ ¿µÈ¥À» ÇØÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¶ó)
The first explains the second, and clearly shows that the verb chata'(af;j;) is here used in its original sense, viz., to miss the mark. We might read therefore: But he that misses me . . .\"

4. Parallel Passages Also Constitute an Important Help (p. 79)
(»ó»ç±¸ÀÇ ±¸Àýµéµµ Áß¿äÇÑ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù)

(1) These are divided into two classes, viz., verbal and real.
(»ó»ç±¸µéÀº Ãà¾îÀû(¹®¾îÀû)ÀÎ °Í°ú ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ °Í µî µÎ °¡Áö·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù)

1) When the same word occurs in similar connections, or in reference to the same general subject, the parallel is called verbal
(°°Àº ¸»ÀÌ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¿¬°ü¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ°Å³ª, ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ µ¿ÀÏÁÖÁ¦¿¡ ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, ±× »ó»ç±¸´Â ¹®¾îÀûÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù)

2) Real parallels are those similar passages in which the likeness or identity consists, not in words or phrases, but in facts, subjects, sentiments or doctrines\" (Terry, Biblical Hermeneutics, p. 121).
(½ÇÁ¦Àû »ó»ç±¸´Â ¸»À̳ª ¹®±¸¿¡¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï°í, »ç½ÇÀ̳ª ÁÖÁ¦³ª Á¤¼­³ª ±³¸®µé¿¡ À־ ºñ½ÁÇϰųª µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¹®±¸µéÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù)

3) Verbal parallels establish points of linguistic usage, while real parallels serve to explain points of historical, ethical, or dogmatical interest.
(¹®¾îÀû »ó»ç±¸´Â ¾ð¾îÇÐÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÌ ¿êÁ¡À» ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Â ¹Ý¸é¿¡, ½ÇÁ¦Àû »ó»ç±¸´Â ¿ª»çÀû, À±¸®Àû, ±³¸®Àû °ü½É¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿êÁ¡À» ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù)

(2) For the present, we are concerned only with verbal parallels, which may serve to explain an obscure or unknown word. It is possible that neither the etymology of a word, nor the connection in which it is found, are sufficient to determine its exact meaning.
(¿©±â¼­ ´ÜÁö ¾Ö¸ÅÇϰųª ¸ð¸£´Â ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¼³¸íÇØÁÖ´Â ¾î±¸»óÀÇ »ó»ç±¸¿¡¸¸ °ü½ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÑ ´Ü¾îÀÇ ¾î¿øÀ̳ª ±×°ÍÀÇ ¿¬°á·Î´Â ±×°ÍÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ °áÁ¤ÇϱⰡ ºÒÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù)

1) In such cases, it is of paramount significance to study parallel passages, in which the same word is found in a similar connection, or in reference to the same general subject. Each passage consulted must, of course, be studied in its connection.
(ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡, ±× µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¸»ÀÌ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¿¬°üÀ̳ª ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ µ¿ÀÏ ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ð±Þ¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â »ó»ç±¸¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ³íÀÇµÈ °¢ ¹®±¸´Â ¹°·Ð ±×°ÍÀÇ ¿¬°á¼±»ó¿¡¼­ ¿¬±¸µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù)

2) In employing the aid of parallel passages, the interpreter must be sure that they are really parallel. (»ó»ç±¸µéÀ» ä¿ëÇÔ¿¡ À־ Çؼ®ÀÚ´Â ±×µéÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦Àû »ó»ç±¸µéÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù)
3) In the words of Davidson. \"It is not enough that the same term or phrase be found in both; there must be similarity of sentiment.\" (°°Àº ¸»À̳ª ±¸ÀýÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î¸¸Àº ºÎÁ·ÇÏ°í °¨Á¤ÀÌ À¯»çÇÑ °ÍÀ̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù)

¨ç For instance,

(1) Jonah 4:10, ¡°Then said the LORD, Thou hast had pity on the gourd, for the which thou hast not laboured, neither madest it grow; which came up in a night, and perished in a night¡± (¿©È£¿Í²²¼­ °¡¶ó»ç´ë ³×°¡ ¼ö°íµµ ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ¿´°í ¹è¾çµµ ¾Æ´ÏÇÏ¿´°í ÇÏ·í¹ã¿¡ ³µ´Ù°¡ ÇÏ·í¹ã¿¡ ¸ÁÇÑ ÀÌ ¹Ú³ÕÄðÀ» ³×°¡ ¾Æ²¼°Åµç) and

(2) I Thess. 5:5 ¡°Ye are all the children of light, and the children of the day: we are not of the night, nor of darkness¡±(³ÊÈñ´Â ´Ù ºûÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ¿ä ³·ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ̶ó ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹ãÀ̳ª ¾îµÎ¿ò¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏÁö ¾Æ´ÏÇϳª´Ï) are not parallel, though the expression ¡°son(s) of a (the) night\" is found in both.

(3) Neither are Prov. 22:2, ¡°The rich and poor meet together: the LORD is the maker of them all¡± (ºóºÎ°¡ ¼¯¿© »ì°Å´Ï¿Í ¹«¸© ±×µéÀ» ÁöÀ¸½Å ÀÌ´Â ¿©È£¿Í½Ã´Ï¶ó) and

29:13, ¡°The poor and the deceitful man meet together: the LORD lighteneth both their eyes¡± (°¡³­ÇÑ ÀÚ¿Í Æ÷ÇÐÇÑ ÀÚ°¡ ¼¯¿© »ì°Å´Ï¿Í ¿©È£¿Í²²¼­´Â ±×µéÀÇ ´«¿¡ ºûÀ» ÁֽôÀ´Ï¶ó), though they are often regarded as such.

Cf. Terry, Biblical Hermeneutics, p. 121.

¨è Moreover, it is necessary that the phrase or expression that calls for explanation be clearer in one passage than it is in the other, for it is impossible to explain an obscure passage by one that is equally dark. (´õ±¸³ª, ¼³¸íÀ» ¿äÇÏ´Â ±¸ÀýÀ̳ª Ç¥ÇöÀÌ ¾î´À ±¸Àý¿¡¼­´Â ºÐ¸íÇÏÁö¸¸, ´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡¼­´Â ºÐ¸íÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ ±¸ÀýÀº ¶È°°ÀÌ ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ ±¸Àý¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ ¼³¸íµÉ ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù)

¨é It is hardly necessary to remark in this connection that the interpreter should carefully guard against the mistake of trying to illustrate a perfectly clear passage by one that is less perspicuous. (ÀÌ¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© Çؼ®ÀÚ°¡ ¾ÆÁÖ ºÐ¸íÇÑ ±¸ÀýÀ» ±×º¸´Ù ´ú ºÐ¸íÇÑ ±¸Àý¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¼³¸íÇÏ·Á´Â Àß ¸øÀ» ¹üÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ´õ ¸»ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù).

¨ê This policy is often followed by those who are interested in escaping the force of the positive teachings of the Bible. (ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¼º°æÀÇ Àû±ØÀûÀÎ ±³ÈÆÀÇ °­¿ä¸¦ ȸÇÇÇÏ´Â µ¥ °ü½ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ Á¾Á¾ µû¸¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù).

¨ë Furthermore, while parallel passages may be adduced from any part of Scripture, it is desirable to observe a certain order. (´õ¿íÀÌ »ó»ç±¸µéÀº ¼º°æÀÇ ¾î´À ºÎºÐÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÎÃâÇÒ ¼ö´Â ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±×·² °æ¿ì¿¡ ¾î¶² ¼ø¼­¸¦ ¹â´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù)

¨ì The interpreter should seek for parallels, first of all, in the writings of the same author, since, as Davidson remarks, \"the same peculiarities of conception and modes of expression are liable to return in different works proceeding from one person.\" (Çؼ®ÀÚ´Â ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ¸ÕÀú µ¥ºøÃùÀÌ ¡°°³³äÀÇ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Æ¯¼º°ú Ç¥Çö ¹æ½ÄÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÀúÀÚ°¡ ¾´ ´Ù¸¥ ÀÛÇ°µé¿¡¼­ ã´Â °ÍÀÌ ½±±â¡± ¶§¹®¿¡ µ¿ÀÏ ÀúÀÚÀÇ ÀÛÇ°µé¿¡¼­ »ó»ç±¸µéÀ» ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù).

¨í Then the works of contemporaries should be consulted before those of others. Again, common sense dictates that writings of the same class have the priority over those that belong to different classes. (±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã´ëÀÇ ÀÛÇ°µé¿¡ ¾Õ¼­¼­ µ¿½Ã´ëÀÇ ÀÛÇ°µéÀÌ ÂüÀ۵Ǿî¾ß ÇÑ´Ù).

(3) In illustrating the use of parallel passages, we distinguish between those that are properly, and those that are improperly so called. (»ó»ç±¸ÀýµéÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â µ¥ À־, Á¤´çÇÑ °Í°ú ºÎÁ¤´çÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ±¸º°Çϱâ·Î ÇÑ´Ù)

a. Parallels of words properly so called. (Berkhof, p. 81)
(Á¤´çÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁö´Â ´Ü¾îÀÇ »ó»ç±¸)

1) In Col. 1:16 we read: \"For by him (Christ) were all things created.\" (°ñ 1:16 ¡° ¸¸¹°ÀÌ ´Ù ±×·Î ¸»¹Ì¾Ï°í ±×¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© âÁ¶µÇ¾ú°í\").
In view of the fact that the creative work is here ascribed to Christ, some venture the opinion that the expression \"all things\" (panto, ¥ð¥á¥í¥ó¥ï) refers to all the new creation, though the context rather favors the idea that the universe is meant. (âÁ¶ »ç¿ªÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ±â·ÏµÈ »ç°ÇÀ̶ó´Â °ßÇØ¿¡ À־, ¾î¶² »ç¶÷Àº ¡°¸ðµç ¸¸¹°¡±À̶õ Ç¥ÇöÀÌ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¿ìÁÖ¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù´Â °ßÇظ¦ ¼±È£ÇÏ°í´Â ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¸ðµç »õ·Î¿î âÁ¶¿¡ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ßÇظ¦ ÇÇ·ÂÇÑ´Ù)

¨ç Now, the question arises, whether there is any passage in which the work of creation is ascribed to Christ, and the possibility of a reference to the new creation is excluded. (±×·² °æ¿ì¿¡ ¾î´À ±¸ÀýÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã¢Á¶ »ç¿ªÀÎÁö, ±×¸®°í »õ·Î¿î âÁ¶¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑÁöÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý±â°Ô µÈ´Ù)
¨è Such a passage is found in I Cor. 8:6 (±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô´Â ÇÑ Çϳª´Ô °ð ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ °è½Ã´Ï ¸¸¹°ÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô¼­ ³µ°í ¿ì¸®µµ ±×¸¦ À§ÇÏ¸ç ¶ÇÇÑ ÇÑ ÁÖ ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ²²¼­ °è½Ã´Ï ¸¸¹°ÀÌ ±×·Î ¸»¹Ì¾Ï°í ¿ì¸®µµ ±×·Î ¸»¹Ì¾Ï¾Ò´À´Ï¶ó), where the phrase ta panto, is used of all created things, and the creative work is ascribed equally to the Father and the Son. (ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±¸ÀýÀÌ °íÀü 8:6¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Âµ¥, ±×°÷¿¡¼­ ¡®¸¸¹°¡¯À̶ó´Â ±¸ÀýÀÌ Ã¢Á¶µÈ ¸ðµç ¸¸¹°¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú°í, ±× âÁ¶ »ç¿ªÀÌ ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í ¾Æµé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¶È °°ÀÌ ±â·ÏµÇ¾ú´Ù)

¨é In Isa. 9:6 the prophet says: \"For unto us a child is born ... and his name shall be called . . . Mighty God (El gibbor, r/BGI la).\" Gesenius finds no reference to God here, and renders these words \"mighty hero.\" (°Ô¼¼´Ï¿ì½º´Â ¿©±â¿¡¼­ Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ÇÏ¿© ¡°Àü´ÉÇÑ ¿ë»ç¡±¶ó°í ¹ø¿ªÇÑ´Ù)

¨ê But in Isa. 10:21, the same phrase is employed in a context, in which it can only refer to Deity. (±×·¯³ª »ç 10:21¿¡ ¶È°°Àº ±¸Àý ÀÌ Ã¤¿ëµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, °Å±â¿¡¼­ ±× ´Ü¾î´Â Çϳª´Ô¿¡¸¸ ¾ð±ÞµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù)

¨ë John 9:39 contains the statement: \"For judgment I am come into the world, that they which see not might see, and that they which see might be made blind.\" (¿äÇѺ¹À½ 9:39¿¡´Â ¡°¿¹¼ö²²¼­ °¡¶ó»ç´ë ³»°¡ ½ÉÆÇÇÏ·¯ ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ¿ÔÀ¸´Ï º¸Áö ¸øÇÏ´Â ÀÚµéÀº º¸°Ô ÇÏ°í º¸´Â ÀÚµéÀº ¼Ò°æ µÇ°Ô ÇÏ·Á ÇÔÀ̶ó ÇϽôϡ±¶ó´Â ±â·ÏÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù).

2) Now, the word krima (judgment) quite generally denotes a judgment of condemnation. (Å©¸®¸¶(½ÉÆÇ)¶ó´Â ¿ø¾î´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤ÁËÀÇ ½ÉÆÇÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù).

3) But the final clause in this case would seem to demand the broader signification of judgment in general, and the question arises, whether the word is ever used in that sense. Rom. 11:33 gives the answer to that question, for there the same word undoubtedly has a general signification. (±×·¯³ª ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡¼­ ¸¶Áö¸· ±¸ÀýÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÉÆÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸´Ù ´õ ³ÐÀº ¶æÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â °Í °°Àºµ¥, ±×·¯¸é, ±× ´Ü¾î°¡ ±×·¯ÇÑ Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëµÈ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁöÀÇ Àǹ®ÀÌ Á¦±âµÈ´Ù. ·Ò 11:33 ¸»¾¸ÀÌ ±× ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØ´äÀ» Áִµ¥, ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â °Å±â¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ ¶È°°Àº ´Ü¾î°¡ Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö°í Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù).

b. Parallels of words or phrases improperly so called. (p. 81)
(ºÎÀû´çÇÏ°Ô ºÒ·ÁÁø ´Ü¾î³ª ±¸ÀýÀÇ »ó»ç±¸)

1) These may be called improper parallels insofar as they do not contain the same, but synonymous words or expressions. (ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀº µ¿ÀǾ Ç¥Çöµé ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡ °°Àº °ÍÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ ºÎÀû´çÇÑ »ó»ç±¸µéÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸°´Ù).

¨ç Those cases in which an expression is more complete in one passage than in another, may also be put in this class. (´Ù¸¥ ±¸Àý¿¡¼­º¸´Ù ´õ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Ç¥ÇöµÈ °æ¿ì´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ ºÎ·ù¿¡ ³ÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù)

¨è In II Sam. 8:18 we read: \". . . and David's sons were cohanim\" (generally rendered, priests).

¨é Gesenius asserts that the word always means priests, while Fuerst contends that it may mean principes, proof ecti, sensu civili. (°Ô³×´Ï¿ì½º´Â ÀÌ ¸»ÀÌ Ç×»ó Á¦»çÀåµéÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑÀÚ°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â ÇÑÆí, Ç»¿¡¸£½ºÆ®´Â Æò¹Î¿¡ ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â ±ÍÁ·À» Áõ¸íÇÏ´Â ¿ø¸®µéÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù)

(1) The latter's opinion is borne out by the parallel passage in I Chron. 18:17, where, in an enumeration similar to that of II Sam. 8, we read: \"and the sons of David were princes (ri'shonim, !ynIvoarih;).\" (ÈÄÀÚÀÇ °ßÇØ´Â ´ë»ó 18:17- ¿©È£¾ß´ÙÀÇ ¾Æµé ºê³ª¾ß´Â ±×·¿ »ç¶÷°ú ºí·¿ »ç¶÷À» °üÇÒÇÏ°í ´ÙÀ­ÀÇ ¾ÆµéµéÀº ¿ÕÀ» ¸ð¼Å ´ë½ÅÀÌ µÇ´Ï¶ó-¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ó»ç±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ »ý±ä °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× ±¸Àý¿¡¼­ »ï»ó 8ÀåÀÇ °Í°ú °°Àº °ÍÀ¸·Î ¡°´ÙÀ­ÀÇ ¾ÆµéµéÀº ´ë½ÅµéÀ̾ú´Ù¡±·Î Àд´Ù)

(2) Matt. 8:24 reads: \"And behold, there arose a great seismos (seismo;\").\" (¡°Å« ³îÀÌ ÀϾ¡±). This word really means earthquake, but the connection here seems to point to a different meaning. (ÀÌ ¸»Àº ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÁöÁøÀ» ÀǹÌÇϳª, ¹®¸ÆÀ¸·Î º¸¾Æ ¿©±â¼­´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¶æÀ¸·Î ¸»ÇÏ´Â °Í °°´Ù).

(3) And this is confirmed by the parallel passages, Mark 4:37 ¡°Å« ±¤Ç³ÀÌ ÀϾ¸ç ¹°°áÀÌ ºÎµúÇô ¹è¿¡ µé¾î¿Í ¹è¿¡ °¡µæÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´õ¶ó¡±¿Í Luke 8:25 ¡°Á¦Àڵ鿡°Ô À̸£½ÃµÇ ³ÊÈñ ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ ¾îµð ÀÖ´À³Ä ÇÏ½Ã´Ï ÀúÈñ°¡ µÎ·Á¿öÇÏ°í ±âÀÌÈ÷ ¿©°Ü ¼­·Î ¸»Ç쵂 Àú°¡ ´µ±â¿¡ ¹Ù¶÷°ú ¹°À» ¸íÇϸŠ¼øÁ¾Çϴ°í ÇÏ´õ¶ó¡°¶ó´Â »ó»ç±¸µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© È®ÀεǴµ¥), where the word lailaps (lai'lay) is used, meaning a whirlwind, or a tempestuous wind. (¸· 4:37¿¡¼­¿Í ´ª 8:25¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ±× ³¹¸» ¡±·¡ÀÌ·¦½º¡°´Â ȸ¿À¸® ¹Ù¶÷ ȤÀº ÆødzÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù)

(4) Again, in Heb. 1:3 we read: \"... when He had by himself (di' heautou, di! eJautou') purged our sins.\"

(5) The pregnant expression di' heautou is explained by the parallel passage in Heb. 9 :26, which says:\"... to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself.\"





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