|
|
|
|
|
The Council of Constantinople: The Council of Constantinople
|
|
|
장부영
|
2008-09-26 02:39:14, 조회 : 2,272 |
|
|
4. Council of Constantinople (381 AD) (The First Council)
(1) The Council of Constantinople
When Theodosius became emperor in the East, he was staunchly Nicene in his belief and resolved to deal with Arianism once and for all. To this end he called a council, which met at Constantinople from May to July 381. Gregory of Nazianzus played a leading role, although it ended his career as a bishop.
The heresies which the Cappadocians had fought were rejected at the council, and their teaching prevailed. In this council, the creed today known as
the Nicene Creed was produced. As with the creed of the Council of Nicaea, it became to be a local Eastern creed with polemic additions:
We believe in one God, the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth and of all things visible and invisible;
And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, begotten from the Father before all ages, light from light, true God from true God, begotten not made, of one substance [homoosios] with the Father. By him all things were made. For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven was made flesh from the Holy spirit and Mary the virgin and became man. He was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate, suffered and was buried. He rose again on the third day, according to the Scriptures, and ascended into the heaven. He sits on the right hand of the Father and will co me again with glory to judge the living and the dead. His kingdom will not end.
And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord and the Son and life-giver, who proceeds from the Father. Together with the Father and the Son he is worshipped and glorified. He spoke through the prophets; And in one holy Catholic and apostolic church. We confess one baptism for the remission of sins. We look forward to the resurrection of the dead and the life of the ages to come. Amen.
(2) Three heresies were condemned at the Council of Constantinople
1) Arianism
① It contains three of the four anti-Arian items (phrases) from Nicaea.
② They summarized the faith of the 381 council ad belief in 'one Godhead, power and substance of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, whose dignity is equal and majesty co-eternal who are in three perfect hypostases or three perfect persons'.
③ This was an apt summary of the Cappadocian doctrine of the Trinity.
2) Macedonianism
① Thirty-six of the bishops who participated in the council from Macedonia believed in the deity of the Son but held the Holy Spirit to be creature.
② The creed states the deity of the Holy Spirit, but only by implication. It keeps to biblical phrases, except for the statement that he is worshipped and glorified together with the Father and the Son.
③ He is not directly called 'God'. In spite of this diplomatic approach, the Macedonian bishops walked out of the council.
3) Apollinarianism
① Apollinaris was condemned at Rome in 377 AD.
② He denied that Jesus had a human soul.
③ He was also condemned at this council of Constantinople
The Council of Constantinople seems to be seen as the second of the ecumenical council in the history of Christianity. The Council of Constantinople affirmed that Jesus Christ was both fully God(against Arius) and fully man(against Apollinaris Nevertheless there have some problems in the Constantinople.
... |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
선교운동소개
신학 