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Çö´ë±³È¸ °ü¸®·Ð (CONTEMPORARY CHURCH MANAGEMENTS)
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ÀåºÎ¿µ
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2008-03-17 18:29:52, Á¶È¸ : 2,491 |
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Çö´ë±³È¸ °ü¸®·Ð
(CONTEMPORARY CHURCH MANAGEMENTS)
Written by
Dr. Paul B. Y. Jang
ÇÑ¹Ì ±³È¸¼ºÀå ¿¬±¸¿ø
(KOREAN AMERICAN CHURCH GROWTH INSTITUTE)
¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ ±³È¸¸ñȸ °ü¸®·Ð
(CHURCH MANAGEMENT FOR MINISTRY)
¼ ·Ð (Introduction)
¸ñȸ½ÅÇÐ ºÐ¾ß(the field of pastoral theology)¿¡¼ Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ, ±³È¸ÇàÁ¤Çаú ½Öº®À» ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Â ºÐ¾ßÀÎ ±³È¸°ü¸®·ÐÀ̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±³È¸°ü¸®(church management)´Â ¾ö¹ÐÇÑ Àǹ̿¡¼ º¼ ¶§, ±³È¸ÇàÁ¤(church administration)°ú ±¸º°µÈ´Ù. ±³È¸ÇàÁ¤ÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛµé(systems)À» ±â°èÀûÀ¸·Î ¿î¿µÇÏ´Â ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁò(mechanism)ÀÇ Çй®À̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±³È¸°ü¸®(church management)´Â ±â°üµé(organs)À» À¯±âÀûÀ¸·Î °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ¿À¸£°Å´ÏÁò(organism)ÀÇ Çй®À̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹°·Ð, ±³È¸ÇàÁ¤°ú ±³È¸°ü¸®¿¡´Â »ó´çÇÑ À¯»ç¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ½¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, Çö´ë±³È¸¿¡¼´Â ±³È¸ÇàÁ¤ÀÇ Çй®º¸´Ùµµ ±³È¸°ü¸®·Ð¿¡ ´õ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß¾î ¿¬±¸ÇÏ°í, ½Çõ½ÅÇÐÀ¸·Î¼ÀÇ ¸ñȸÇöÀå¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ½ÇÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, Çö´ë±³È¸°¡ ±³È¸¼ºÀå Çй®ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ¸·Î ±³È¸ÀÇ ¿î¿µÀÌ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ±³È¸ÀÇ ¹«±âÀû(ÙíѦîÜ)ÀÌ¸ç ±â°èÀûÀÎ °ü¸®°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±³È¸¸¦ ¡°±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸ö¡± (Body of Christ)À¸·Î¼ÀÇ À¯±âÀû(êóѦîÜ)ÀÎ »ý¸íü·Î °£ÁÖÇÏ°í, ±³È¸ÀÇ È°µ¿ÀÌ Å©¸®½ºÃµµéÀÇ °øµ¿Ã¼·Î¼ÀÇ »ýÈ°(Body Life)¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß°í Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
(I) ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ ¸ñȸ °ü¸®·Ð
¸ñȸÀÚ´Â Àڱ⠱³È¸ÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© °¢¼ºÇÏ°í, ºÎ´ÜÈ÷ Àڱⰳ¹ß(self-development)¿¡ Èû½á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ²²¼´Â Çϳª´ÔÀ̽ɿ¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¸ñȸÀڵ鿡°Ô º»À» º¸¿©Áֽñâ À§ÇÏ¿© Ç×»ó ¹¬»óÇϽðí, ±âµµÇϽñ⸦ °ÔÀ»¸® ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¼Ì´Ù(¸· 1:35, ´ª 5:16, 6:12, 11:1).
ƯÈ÷ Çö´ë¿Í °°ÀÌ ¸ñÀå(pasture: ministry field)ÀÌ ±¤´ëÇÏ°í º¹ÀâÇÑ »çȸ±¸Á¶ ¼Ó¿¡¼ ¸ñȸ¸¦ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î À̲ø¾î ³ª°¡·Á¸é, ¸ñȸÀÚ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ñȸ»óȲ¿¡ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ´ëóÇسª°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀΰÝÀû °¨È·Â(ìÑÌ«îÜ ÊïûùÕô)°ú, ÁöÀû °¨È·Â(ò±îÜÊïûùÕô), ±×¸®°í ¿µÀû °¨È·Â(çÏîÜÊïûùÕô)À» ¾ò±â À§ÇÏ¿© Àڱⰳ¹ß¿¡ ºÎ´ÜÈ÷ Èû½á¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
1. ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ ½Ã´ë°¨°¢
¸ñȸÀÚ´Â ½Ã´ë°¨°¢ÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Áø¸®´Â ¿µ¿øÈ÷ º¯Ä¡ ¾ÊÁö¸¸, ±× Áø¸®ÀÇ Ç¥Çö¹æ½Ä(øúúÞÛ°ãÒ)°ú ½Çõ¾ç½Ä(ãùôÂåÆãÒ)Àº ½Ã´ë¿Í Àå¼Ò¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¾çÇÏ´Ù(È÷ 1:1,2). ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ÇÑ ¸¶µð·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÏÀÚ¸é, ¿ø¸®¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Áø¸®ÀÇ À¯Àϼº(unity of truth in methodology)°ú ¹æ¹ý·Ð¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Áø¸®ÀÇ ´Ù¾ç¼º(diversity of truth in methodology)¶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº Çö´ëÀû Àǹ̷ΠÁø¸®ÀÇ ¹®ÈÀûÀΠǥÇö(cultural expression of truth)À̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±³È¸ÀÇ Ç¥Çö¹æ½Äµµ Áö¿±ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº ¹®ÈÀû ¹è°æÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ¿¡(cultural differences)¿¡ µû¶ó ´Þ¶óÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
2. ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ ±ÇÀ§¹®Á¦
¸ñȸÀÚ´Â Àΰ£Àû(À¯±³Àû)ÀÎ ±ÇÀ§ÁÖÀǸ¦ Å»ÇÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸ñȸÀÚ´Â ±³È¸ ±³ÀεéÀ» ¸®µåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿µÀû Áöµµ·Â(spiritual leadership)ÀÇ ¿øõÀÎ ¿µÀû ±ÇÀ§(spiritual authority)°¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿µÀû ±ÇÀ§´Â À§¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ¿À´Â °ÍÀÌ°í, ±× ±ÇÀ§¸¦ Àß °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¸ñȸÀÚ¿¡°Ô ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù.
±×·±µ¥, Çϳª´Ô²²¼ ÁֽŠ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ ±ÇÀ§(pastoral authority)¸¦ ¸ñȸÀÚ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Àß °ü¸®ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¿© »ó½ÇÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹Ý¸é¿¡, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ±ÇÀ§(God's authority)¿Í ¹«°üÇÏ°Ô ÀڱⰡ ¸Ú´ë·Î ¼¼¿ì·Á°í ÇÏ´Â ±ÇÀ§ÁÖÀÇ(authoritarianism)°¡ µÇ±â ½±´Ù. ÀÌ µÎ °æ¿ì°¡ ¸ñȸÀڵ鿡°Ô ÀÖ¾î¼ º»ÀÇ ¾Æ´Ï°Ô ±³È¸¼ºÀå(church growth)À» ¸·´Â ÀúÇØ¿ä¼Ò(church growth barriers)°¡ µÈ´Ù.
3. ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ µ¶¼±ÇàÀ§
¸ñȸÀÚ´Â À¯¾Æµ¶Á¸Àû µ¶¼±À¸·Î µ¶ÁÖÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Áö¾çÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸ñȸÀÚ(pastor)³ª Æò½Åµµ(laity)°¡, ¸ñȸ´Â Æò½Åµµ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸ñȸÀÚ¸¸ÀÌ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó´Â À߸øµÈ ¸àÅ»¸®Æ¼(mentality)°¡ ¸ñȸÀÚ´Â ¹°·Ð, Æò½Åµµµé ¸Ó¸® ¼Ó¿¡ ¿À¸®¿£Æ®µÇ¾î(oriented) Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¸ñȸÀÚ´Â ¸ñȸ»ç¿ªÀ» ÀüÀ¯¹°·Î Âø°¢ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ Àִµ¥, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç°í¹æ½ÄÀ» »ï°¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ¡°¸ñȸ¿¡ °üÇÑÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¸ñȸÀÇ Àü¹®°¡ÀÎ ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ Æ¯±Ç"À̶ó°í ÇÏ¿© µ¶ÁÖÇÏ´Â ÇàÀ§¸¦ »ï°¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
4. ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ Àڱ⠰³¹ß
±³È¸´Â ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ ¿ª·®¿¡ µû¶ó ¼ºÀåÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¸ñȸÀÚ°¡ ¼ºÀåÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸Å ¼ºÀåÇÏ°í ¸ñȸÀÚ°¡ ¹ßÀüÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸Å ¹ßÀüÇÑ´Ù. ¹°·Ð, ¿©±â¿¡´Â ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ °ü½Éµµ¿Í Àڱ⿪·®ÀÇ ÅõÀÚÁ¤µµ¿¡ µû¶ó ´Þ¶óÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±³È¸´Â ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ ¿ª·®¿¡ Á¤ºñ·ÊÇؼ ¼ºÀåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸ñȸÀÚ´Â ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ºÎ´ÜÈ÷ °³¹ßÇؼ ¹ßÀü½ÃÄÑ ³ª°¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
(1) ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ ¿µ·Â °³¹ß
¸ñȸÀڵ鿡°Ô °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¿µ·Â(spiritual power)ÀÌ´Ù. ¸ñȸÀÚ°¡ ¿µ·ÂÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é, ¸ñȸ´Â ¹°·Ð Àڱ⸦ À§ÇÑ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ½Î¿ò¿¡¼µµ ½Â¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ½Î¿òÀº Ç÷°ú À°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, Á¤»ç¿Í ±Ç¼¼¿Í ÀÌ ¾îµÎ¿òÀÇ ¼¼»ó ÁÖ°üÀÚµé°ú Çϴÿ¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾ÇÀÇ ¿µµéÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿µÀûÀÎ ½Î¿òÀÌ´Ù. À°½ÅÀÇ ½Î¿òÀº ü·Â(ô÷Õô)ÀÌ °ÇÑ ÀÚ°¡ À̱â°í, ÀüÀï¿¡¼´Â ¹«·Â(ÙëÕô)ÀÌ °ÇÑ ÀÚ°¡ ½Â¸®ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°ÀÌ ¿µÀû ½Î¿òÀº ¿µ·Â(çÏÕô)ÀÌ °ÇÑ ÀÚ°¡ ½Â¸®ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸ñȸÀڵ鿡°Ô °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ¿µ·ÂÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, ÀÌ ¿µ·ÂÀ» °³¹ßÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
1) ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ »ç°í(ÞÖÍÅ) °³¹ß
¸ñȸÀÚ´Â ¹¬»ó(Ù¦ßÌ: meditation or contemplation)À» ÅëÇÏ¿© »ç°í·Â(ÞÖÍÅÕô)À» °³¹ßÇÏ°í ¹ßÀü½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸ñȸÀÚ´Â ±³ÈÆ À§¿¡ ±³ÈÆ, ¹ÏÀ½ À§¿¡ ¹ÏÀ½, ¼º½Ç À§¿¡ ¼º½Ç·Î ´õ¿í ¹ÏÀ½ÀÇ »ý°¢ÀÌ ½ÂÈÇÏ¿© ´õ¿í °í»óÇÑ ¿µ°¨ÀÇ »ç¶÷À¸·Î ¹ßÀüÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. »ç°íÀÇ °³¹ßÀº ¸ñȸÀÚ·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ¹«ÇѶõ °¡´É¼ºÀ» º¸¿©ÁÜÀ¸·Î ¡°±³È¸¼ºÀåÀÇ ¾È¸ñ¡±(church growth eyes)À» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
2) ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ Àº»ç(ëÚÞô) °³¹ß
Àº»ç°³¹ß(ëÚÞôËÒÛ¡)À̶ó´Â ¸»Àº, ¾ö°ÝÇÑ Àǹ̿¡¼ ºÎÀû´çÇÑ ¸»ÀÌ µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, Àº»ç´Â Çϳª´Ô²²¼ ±×ÀÇ ±â»Ú½Å ¶æ´ë·Î Áֽô ¼±¹°·Î¼, ±× ÁֽŠÀº»ç¸¦ ÇÑ ´Þ¶õÆ® ¹ÞÀº ¹Ì·ÃÇÑ Á¾°ú °°ÀÌ(¸¶ 25:24-30) ¹¯¾îµÎÁö ¸»°í, °³¹ßÇؼ Àå»ç¸¦ ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â Â÷¿ø¿¡¼ »ý°¢ÇÒ ¶§¿¡, Àº»ç¸¦ Àß °³¹ßÇÏ¿© ¸ñȸ»ç¿ª¿¡ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ´Â ¸¶Ä¡ ¹ç¿¡ °¨ÃßÀÎ º¸È¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿© °í¾×À» ÁÖ°í¶óµµ ÀÚ±âÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ°Ú´Ù´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÁöÇý¿Í ÀÇÁö¸¦(¸¶ 13:44) Çö´ë ¸ñȸÀڵ鵵 °¡Áö°í, ¸ñȸ¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀÚ±â Àº»çÀÇ ¹ß°ß°ú ¸ñȸ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÇ °³¹ßÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ºÎ´ÜÈ÷ ³ë·ÂÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
3) ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ ´É·Â(ÒöÕô) °³¹ß
¸ñȸÀÚ°¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ±³È¸¸¦ ¼¶±â·Á¸é, ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ´É·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ¹«¸® Áö½ÄÀÌ ¸¹°í, »ý°¢Àº °£ÀýÇÏ´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ´É·ÂÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é ÀÏÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾î ³ª°¡±â°¡ Èûµé´Ù. ¿ì¼± ¸ñȸÀÚ°¡ ´É·ÂÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é ¼³±³ÇÏ´Â °ÍºÎÅÍ°¡ °í¿ªÀÌ µÈ´Ù. Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ±³È¸´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ´É·ÂÀ¸·Î ´Ù½º¸®°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥ ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸ñȸÀÚ´Â Çϳª´Ô²²¼ ÁֽŠ´É·ÂÀ» °³¹ßÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
(2) ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ Áö·Â°³¹ß
¸ñȸÀÚ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¸»¾¸À» ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î Ãæ½ÇÇÏ°Ô ÀüÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÁöÀûÀÎ ´É·ÂÀ» °®Ãß¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ³ª¶ó°¡ ´É·Â¿¡ ÀÖ°í, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ´É·ÂÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¸»¾¸¿¡¼ ³ª¿À´Â °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, ¸ñȸÀÚ´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¸»¾¸À» Ãæ½ÇÇÏ°Ô ¿¬±¸ÇÏ¿© ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Áö·ÂÀ» ÃÖ´ëÇÑÀ¸·Î °³¹ßÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
1) ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ ¼º¼¿¬±¸
¸ñȸÀÚ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ¼º°æÁö½Ä¿¡ ´ÉÅëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¸»¾¸À» ÁÖ½Ä(ñ«ãÝ)À¸·Î ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¾ç(åÏ: ÎçìÑ)µé¿¡°Ô ¿µÀÇ ¾ç½ÄÀÎ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Ç³¼ºÇÑ ¸»¾¸À» °ø±ÞÇØÁÖ±â À§Çؼ ¼º¼ºÀÇ ¿¬±¸´Â ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼º°æÀº ¼³±³ÀÇ ½î½º(source)ÀÌ¸ç ¿øÀç·á(raw materials)°¡ µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¼º°æ¿¬±¸´Â ¸ñȸÀÚ°¡ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °¡Àå ¿ì¼±ÀûÀÎ °úÁ¦(the number one task of pastor)ÀÌ´Ù.
2) ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ ½ÅÇבּ¸
¸ñȸÀÚ´Â ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÅÇÐÀûÀÎ À̽´µéÀ» ¹ßÀü, ½ÂȽÃÄÑ ³ª°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ½ÅÇб³¿¡¼ ¹è¿î ½ÅÇÐÁö½ÄÀº ±× ºÐ·®¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÇÑ°è°¡ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¸¹Àº ½ÅÇÐÀûÀÎ Áö½ÄÀ» ½ÀµæÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°í ´Ù¸¸ ½ÅÇבּ¸ ¹æ¹ýÀ» üµæÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¸¸µµ Å« ¼º°ú¶ó ÇÏ°Ú´Ù. ¹°·Ð, ½ÅÇм®»ç °úÁ¤(Th.M)À̳ª ¹Ú»ç°úÁ¤(D.Min., Ph.D., Th.D.)¿¡ °è¼Ó ÁøÇÐÇÏ¿© Àü¹®ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬±¸ÇÑ´Ù¸é ±× ÀÌ»ó ¾ø°ÚÀ¸³ª, ¸ñȸÀÚµéÀÌ ±×·² ÇüÆíÀÌ µÇÁö ¸øÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ½º½º·Î ²ÙÁØÇÑ µ¶ÇÐÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ¼³±³¿Í ¸ñȸ»ç¿ªÀÇ ±âÃÊ°¡ µÇ´Â ½ÅÇÐÀ» Á»´õ ½Éµµ ÀÖ°í ´õ¿í ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô ¹ßÀü½ÃÄÑ ³ª°¡¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹°·Ð, ÇöÀå¸ñȸ¸¦ ÇÏ¸é¼ "¸ñȸÀÚ ¿¬Àå±³À° ÇÁ·Î±×·¥"(the extension programs for pastor)À̳ª ¼öÁØ ÀÖ´Â "½ÅÇÐ ¼¼¹Ì³ª"¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ÀÚ±âÀÇ ½ÅÇÐÁö½ÄÀ» ¹ßÀü½ÃÄÑ ³ª°¡´Â ¹æ¹ýµµ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
3) ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ ÀÏ¹Ý Çй®
¸ñȸÀÚµéÀº ¼º¼¿¬±¸¿Í ½ÅÇבּ¸¿Í º°µµ·Î, ÀϹÝÇй®¿¡µµ Á¶¿¹°¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. öÇÐÀ» ºñ·ÔÇÏ¿© ¿ª»ç, °úÇÐ, ÀÇÇÐ, ½É¸®ÇÐ, Àü±â, °æ°Ç ¼Àû, ½Ã»ç µî ÀϹݼÀûÀ» Å뵶ÇÏ¿© ¸ñȸ»ç¿ªÀÇ ¹Ø°Å¸§À» »ï´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ¹°·Ð, ÀϹÝÁö½ÄÀÌ ¼³±³¿¡³ª ¸ñȸ»ç¿ª¿¡ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î °ü·ÃµÈ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï³ª, ÀÌ ¸ðµç Áö½ÄµéÀÌ ¼º¼¸¦ ¿¬±¸Çϰųª, ±³ÀεéÀ» À§ÇÑ »ç¿ªÀ» ÇÒ ¶§¿¡ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÀÚ·áµéÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
4) ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ ¾ð¾î °³¹ß
¸ñȸÀÚµéÀº ¼³±³¸¦ ÁÖ¹«(ñ«Ùâ)·Î ÇÏ´Â Àü¹®°¡À̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¾ð¾î¸¦ °³¹ßÇؼ ûÁßµé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¸»¾¸À» µè´Âµ¥ °¡Àå È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Ưº°È÷ ³ë·ÂÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾ð¾îÀÇ °³¹ßÀº ¸î °¡Áö Â÷¿ø¿¡¼ »ý°¢ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù(¿µÀÇ ¾ð¾î, ¹®È¾ð¾î, ±¸¾î, Á¦½ºÃò¾î, Çൿ¾ð¾î).
(II) ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ ±³È¸ °ü¸®·Ð(Church Management)
1. ±³È¸°ü¸®ÀÇ ÀǹÌ
¸ñȸÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¶Ç Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº Áöµµ·Â(leadership power)ÀÌ´Ù. Áöµµ·ÂÀÌ ¼³±³¿¡ ¸øÁö ¾Ê°Ô ¸ñȸ¿¡ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ¹«¸® ¼³±³¸¦ ÀßÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ Áöµµ·ÂÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é ±³È¸¸¦ À̲ø¾î ³ª°¡±â ¾î·Æ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¸ñȸÀÚ´Â ¼³±³ÀÚ(preacher)ÀÏ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÁöµµÀÚ(leader)ÀÌ´Ù. ÁöµµÀÚµé´Â ¾î¶² ƯÀ¯ÇÑ ´É·ÂÀ» ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ ÀÚµéÀÌ´Ù. ÁöµµÀÚÀÇ ¿µ¿ªÀº ¹Ì·¡À̸ç, ÁöµµÀÚÀÇ ¸®´õ½±(leadership)Àº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ´Ù·ç´Â °Í»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ´Ù·ç´Â °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.
2. ±³È¸°ü¸®ÀÇ ¹üÀ§
¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ Áöµµ·Â(leadership)Àº »ç¶÷À» ´Ù·ê »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±³È¸ Á¶Á÷À» ¿î¿µ(operation)ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, ±³È¸°ü¸®(church management)¿Í ÇÔ²² ±³È¸ÇàÁ¤(church administration)À» °áºÎ½ÃÄѼ ´Ù·ç¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ¾î¶² Àǹ̿¡¼ ÀÌ µÑÀº °¢±â ´Ù¸¥ Ư¡µéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ±³È¸¿¡¼ È¥µ¿Çؼ Ãë±ÞÇØ¿À°í ÀÖ´Â ½ÇÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù. ¾Õ¿¡¼ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ °Í°ú °°ÀÌ ±³È¸ÇàÁ¤Àº ÇϳªÀÇ ±³È¸ÀÇ Á¶Á÷ü(system)¸¦ ±â°èÀûÀ¸·Î ¿î¿µÇÏ´Â ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁò(mechanism)ÀÇ Àǹ̰¡ °ÇÑ ¹Ý¸é¿¡, ±³È¸°ü¸®´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ±â°ü(organization)ÀÇ À¯±âÀûÀÎ ¿î¿ëÀ¸·Î ¿À¸£°¡´ÏÁò(organism)ÀÇ Àǹ̰¡ °ÇÏ´Ù°í º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ Çѱ¹¿¡¼µµ ½ÅÇб³´Â ¹°·Ð ±³È¸¿¡¼±îÁö ±³È¸ÀÇ °ü¸®·Ð(a theory of management)º¸´Ù´Â ±³È¸ÀÇ ÇàÁ¤·Ð(a theory of administration)¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß¾î ¿Â °ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. »ç½Ç, ±³È¸ÀÇ °ü¸®´Â ¸ñȸÀÚµéÀÌ °¡Àå Áß¿ä½ÃÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ºÎºÐ ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù.
3. ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ ±³È¸°ü¸® ¹æ¹ý
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(1) ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ ½Ã°£ °ü¸®
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◉ ¡°½Ã°£¡±¿¡´Â Çï¶ó¾î·Î µÎ °¡Áö ¿ë¾î°¡ Àִµ¥, ±× Áß¿¡¼
(1) "¥ö¥ñό¥í¥ïς"(chronos)
(2) "¥ê¥á¥é¥ñός"(kairos)
(2) ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ Àΰ£ °ü¸®
¸ñȸÀÚ´Â ÇÑ ¸¶µð·Î Àΰ£À» ´Ù·ç´Â ¼ºÁ÷ÀÌ´Ù. Àΰ£À» ´Ù·é´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì ¾î·Á¿î ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÌ ¹üÁËÇϹǷΠÇϳª´Ô°úÀÇ °ü°è´Â ¹°·Ð Àΰ£°ü°è°¡ ±úÁö°í, ÀÚ¿¬°úµµ Á¶È¸¦ ÀÌ·ç±â Èûµç °ü°è·Î Àü¶ôÇÏ°í ¸»¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Àΰ£Àº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÀúÁÖ¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò°í, Àΰ£°úÀÇ Àû´ë°ü°è·Î »óÈ£ ÅõÀï¿¡ ÁöÄ¡°í, ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ¿µÇâ¾Æ·¡¼ ½ÅÀ½Çϱ⿡ À̸£·¶´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ø¸®¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ º¼ ¶§, Àΰ£ °ü¸®ÀÇ ¼º°øÀº Àΰ£ °ü°èÀÇ È¸º¹À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. Àΰ£ °ü°è´Â Çϳª´Ô°úÀÇ °ü°èȸº¹(the reconciliation with God)¾øÀÌ´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Àΰ£Àº Çϳª´Ô°úÀÇ È¸º¹°ü°è¸¦ ¹è¿ö¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
(A) ±³ÀÎÀÇ Á¾·ù(ºÎ·ù: ±¸Á¶»ó ±³È¸ÀÇ Á¶Á÷)
(1) ±³¿ªÀÚ (´ãÀÓ¸ñ»ç¿Í ºÎ±³¿ªÀÚ)
(2) Æò½Åµµ (Àå·Î, Áý»ç, ±Ç»ç, ±âŸ ±³ÀÎ)
1) Á¤»óÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷(normal people)
¨ç ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷¡±(no-problem people)
¨è Æòȸ¦ Á¶¼ºÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷¡±(peace-maker)
2) ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷(abnormal people)
¨ç ¹®Á¦ÀÇ »ç¶÷¡±(problem-people): ´Ù·ç±â ±î´Ù·Î¿î »ç¶÷¡±(difficult-people)
¨è ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â »ç¶÷¡±(trouble-maker): ±¸Á¦ºÒ´ÉÀÇ »ç¶÷¡±(impossible-people)
(B) ±³È¸¸â¹öÀÇ °ü¸®¹æ¹ý: ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¡°ÈÇØÀÇ ¿ø¸®¡±
±³ÀεéÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ¿ø¸®(principles)´Â ¿ª½Ã ¼º°æ¿¡¼ ã¾Æ¾ß Çϸç, ±× ¹æ¹ý(methods)Àº ¼º°æ¿¡¼ ¾ò¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù ÀÌ·¸°Ô ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ´Ù·ç´Â ¿ø¸®¿Í ¹æ¹ýÀº ¾Õ¼ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ´ë·Î ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¡°ÈÇØÀÇ ¿ø¸®¡±(the principle of reconciliation through Christ)ÀÌ´Ù.
(1) ÈÇØÀÇ ¿ø¸®(ÀºÇýÀÇ ¿ø¸®)
(2) »ç¶û°ú °øÀÇÀÇ ¿ø¸®
(3) ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ °¥µî °ü¸®
¸ñȸÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î¼ °¡Àå ¾î·Æ°í Èûµç ±³È¸°ü¸®°¡ ¡°Àΰ£°ü¸®¡±(people management)¿ä, ¡°Àΰ£°ü¸®¡±Áß¿¡¼µµ ÇàÁ¤°ü¸®º¸´Ù ´õ Èûµç °ÍÀÌ ¡°°¥µî°ü¸®¡±(conflict management)À̶ó ÇÏ°Ú´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ÀÌ °¥µî°ü¸®´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ ¿ÜÀû Á¶Á÷°ü¸®°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Àΰ£ÀÇ ³»¸éÀû, ¿µÀûÀÎ Á¤½Å°ü¸®, ¿µÈ¥°ü¸®À̸ç, ¿µÀûÀÎ ÀüÀï°ú °°Àº º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â ½Î¿òÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
(1) °¥µîÀÇ ½ÅÇÐ (a theology of conflict)
(2) °¥µîÀ» ´Ù·ç´Â ¹æ¹ý(Dealing with the Conflicts)
(3) °¥µîÀÇ °ßÇØ¿Í Æò°¡(viewing and assessing conflict)
(4) °¥µî°ü¸®ÀÇ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ(styles of conflict management)
(4) ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ °ü¸®
¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ¡¸ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ °ü¸®¡¹´Â ƯÈ÷ Çö´ë±³È¸ ¸ñȸ ¼º°ø¿¡ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ Áß¿äÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù. Çö´ë¿¡´Â ¹Ì±¹±³È¸³ª Çѱ¹±³È¸ ¿ª½Ã, ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¸Â´Â È¿°úÀûÀÎ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀ» °³¹ßÇÏ¿© ½ÇÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ¶§°¡ ¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Çѱ¹±³È¸º¸´Ù ¼±Áø±³È¸ÀÎ ¹Ì±¹±³È¸¸¦ Á¶»çÇغ¸¸é, ±³È¸¼ºÀåÀÇ °øÅëµÈ ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, º¹ÇÕ-¹Ì´Ï½ºÆ®¸®(complex-ministry)Áß¿¡¼ ƯÈ÷ ±³È¸¼ºÀåÀ» À§ÇÑ È¿°úÀûÀÎ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀ» °³¹ßÇÏ¿© È°±â ÀÖ°Ô Àû¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¹°·Ð, ´É·Â ÀÖ°í, ÀºÇý·Î¿î ¼³±³³ª, Âù¾ç°ú ±âµµ µîµµ ±³È¸¼ºÀåÀÇ °·ÂÇÑ ¿ä¼Ò°¡ µÇÁö¸¸, Çö´ë±³È¸¿¡¼´Â ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ½Ã´ë¿Í ±× Áö¿ª±³È¸ÀÇ »óȲ¿¡ ¸Âµµ·Ï °³¹ßÇÑ È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¼Ò±×·ì ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ±³È¸¼ºÀå¿¡ °áÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. °ú°Å¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® Çö´ë¿¡´Â ±â¾÷µéÀÇ ÆÀ È°µ¿(team business)°ú °°ÀÌ ±³È¸¿¡¼µµ ¼Ò±×·ìÀ» ÅëÇÑ ÆÀ-¹Ì´Ï½ºÆ®¸®(small group team-ministry)°¡ ±³È¸¼ºÀå¿¡ Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
(III) ±³È¸ÇàÁ¤ °ü¸®·Ð(Church Administration)
±³È¸ÇàÁ¤(church adminstration)Àº ±³È¸°ü¸®¿Í ´ëµ¿¼ÒÀÌÇÑ ºÎºÐµéÀÌ ¸¹±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ÀÌ ºÎºÐ¿¡¼´Â À¯±âÀûÀÎ °ü¸®¼º(êóѦîÜ Î¼×âàõ)ÀÇ ºÎºÐµéÀº »ý·«ÇÏ°í ±â°èÀûÀÎ °ü¸®¼º(ѦÌþîÜ Î¼×âàõ)ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÇàÁ¤¹®Á¦¸¦ ´Ù·ç±â·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
±³È¸´Â Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ³ª¶óÀÇ ´ë¸®±â°ü(agency)À¸·Î¼, À¯±âÀûÀÎ »ý¸í°øµ¿Ã¼(Body life: living community)À̱⠶§¹®¿¡, Á¶Á÷¿î¿µ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇàÁ¤(administration)ÀÌ ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î µû¸£°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í ´ëµ¿¼ÒÀÌÇÑ ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ±³È¸°ü¸®(church management)´Â ±³È¸ÀÇ À¯±âÀûÀÎ ¿î¿µ±â¼ú¿¡ °Á¶Á¡ÀÌ Àִ°¡ Çϸé, ±³È¸ÇàÁ¤(church adminstration)Àº ±³È¸ Á¶Á÷±â°üÀÇ ±â°èÀûÀÎ °ü¸®¿¡ °Á¶Á¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±³È¸ÇàÁ¤Àº ±³È¸°øµ¿Ã¼¿Í ±× ºÎ¼Ó °¡°üµéÀÇ Á¶Á÷°ú Á¤ºñ, ¿¹»êÆí¼º°ú ÁýÇà µîÀ» ÁÖ·Î ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Á¶µ¿Áø ¸ñ»ç´Â ±³È¸ÇàÁ¤ÇÐÀ̶õ ±³È¸Á¤Ä¡ÇÐÀÇ ÀϺÎÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ±³È¸ÀÇ ¸ñÀû°ú Àǻ縦 ½ÇÇö½ÃÅ°°í ¸Ã±ä °ú¾÷À» ¼öÇàÇϱâ À§ÇÑ Á¶Á÷(organization), Á÷¿ø(personels), ¿î¿µ(managing)ÀÇ ±â¼ú°ú ´É·üÀÇ Çй®À̶ó°í Á¤ÀÇÇß´Ù.
(1) ±³È¸ÀÇ Á¶Á÷ °ü¸®
±³È¸ ÇàÁ¤(church administration) Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¸ÕÀú »ý°¢ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±³È¸ÀÇ ¸ðµç ±â°üÀÇ Á¶Á÷°ú ±× ±â°üµéÀÇ °ü¸®¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù. Á¶Á÷À̶õ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤ÀÇÇÒ ¶§, ¾î¶°ÇÑ µ¿ÀÎ(ÔÑì×)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© °øµ¿¸ñÀûÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¸ð¿©¼, ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¹ý±Ô(rules)¿¡ µû¶ó °á¼ºµÈ ÇϳªÀÇ Çùµ¿Ã¼ÀÇ ÇüŶó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹°·Ð, ¾î¶² Á¶Á÷À» ¸··ÐÇÏ°í Àΰ£ÀÌ ¸ð¿©¼ ÀÌ·é Á¶Á÷À̹ǷΠÀΰ£ÀûÀÎ ¿ø¸®¿Í ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ ¹èÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. ¿ÀÈ÷·Á Àΰ£ ÀÚüÀÇ Á¶Á÷¿ø¸®(the principles of the Body life)¿Í ¼º°Ý¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ Á¤ÀÇµÇ°í ¼öÇàµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Àΰ£ ÀÚü´Â ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°í Á¤¹ÐÇÑ À¯±âÀûÀÎ Á¶Á÷ü·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ Àΰ£ Á¶Á÷ ¼Ó¿¡´Â ±× Á¶Á÷À» ¿î¿µÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÁöÀû ¿ä¼ÒÀÎ ¿ø¸®(principle)¿Í ¿ªÇÐÀÇ Á¤Àû ¿ä¼ÒÀÎ ¿¡³ÊÁö(energy)°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¶Ä¡ Àΰ£ Á¶Á÷ü¿¡ Áö´É(brain)°ú Èû(energy)ÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÀÌ µÎ ¿ä¼Ò°¡ °ÇÀüÇÏ°Ô »óÈ£ »óÀÀÇÔÀ¸·Î ÀÎü°¡ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ°Ô µÇ´Â ¿ø¸®¿Í °°´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ¾î¶² Á¶Á÷üµç °£¿¡ °Å±â¿¡´Â Áö´ÉÁ÷(ò±ÒöòÅ)ÀÇ ºê·¹ÀÎ(brain)µéÀÌ »ç¹«½Ç(office)¿¡ ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ°í, ±â´ÉÁ÷(ÐüÒöòÅ)ÀÎ °¢ ºÎ¼ÀÇ ¸â¹öµé(action parts)µéÀÌ ÇöÀå(úÞíÞ)¿¡¼ ¿½ÉÈ÷ ¶Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Á¶Á÷°ü¸®(ðÚòÄμ×â)¿¡ À־ ÀÌ µÎ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ °üÇؼ °ü¸®ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
(2) ±³È¸ÀÇ ½Ã¼³ °ü¸®
ƯÈ÷ Çö´ë¿Í °°Àº ¹®¸í»çȸ¿¡¼ ±³È¸ÀÇ ½Ã¼³°ü¸®´Â ´ë´ÜÈ÷ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ±³È¸½Ã¼³ Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ¿¹¹è¸¦ µå¸®´Â ¼ºÀü(¿¹¹è´ç)ÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¼ö´Ô ÀÌÈÄ, ¼ºÀü°Ç¹° ÀÚü´Â ¼ºÀü°è½Ã ¹ßÀü(the progressing revelation of the Temple)ÀÇ Â÷¿ø¿¡¼ º¼ ¶§¿¡ Å« Àǹ̰¡ ¾ø¾îÁø °ÍÀº »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. ±³È¸½Ã¼³Àº ±³È¸¼ºÀå¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±³È¸ÀÇ °¢ ºÎ¼µéÀÌ Æí¸®ÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÃæºÐÇÑ ¹è·Á¿Í °ü¸®°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
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REFERENCES
¢Ã CHURCH MANAGEMENT
Aeschlman, Gordon, Cage of Pain: Healing for Disillusioned Christians: (Dallas,
London, Melbourne: Word Publishing, 1991)
Arn, Win, Carroll Nyquist and Charles Arn. Who Cares About Love? (Pasadena: Church Growth Press, 1986.), 192 pp.
Best, W. E., Eternity and Time, (Houston: South Belt Assembly of Christ)Understanding
and Managing Organization, (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1990)
Brown, Stephen, No More Mr. Nice Guy!, (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1986)
Dayton, Edward R., Tools for Time Management: Christian Perspectives on Managing Priorities, (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing Houe, 1975)
Deville, Jard, Pastor's Handbook on Interpersonal Relationship: Key to Successful Leadership, (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1985)
Flynn, Leslie B., How to Save Time in the Ministry, (Nashville: Broadman Press, 1966)
Furey, Robert J., So I'm Not Perfect, (New York: Alba Housr, 1986)
George, Carl F. and Logan. Robert E., Leading and Managing Your Church, (Old Tappan: Fleming H. Revel Company, 1982)
George, Carl F. and Robert E. Logan. Leading and Managing Your Church, (Old Tappan: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1987.)
, Followed or Pushed?: Understanding and Leading Your Church, (England: MARC Europe, 1987.)
, Your Church Has Doors: How to Open the Front and Close the Back, (Corunna: Church Growth Analysis and Learning Center, 1983.)
, Your Church Has Personality: (Nashville: Abingdon, 1985.)
Habecker, Eugine B. The Other Side of Leadership, (Wheaton: Victor Books, 1989)
, Leading with a Follower's Heart, (Wheaton: Victor Books, 1990)
Hales, Edward J. and Youngren, Alan J., Your Money Their Ministry, (Grand Rapids: Williams B. Eerdmana Publishing Company, 1981)
Harbaugh, Garyl, God's Gifted People, (Ausburg Fortress: Ausburg Publishing House, 1990)
Hauck, Paul A., How to Get the Most Out of Life, (Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1988)
Henrichsen, Walter A., Disciple Are Made-not Born, (Wheaton: Victor Books/A Division
of SP Publications Inc., 1988)
Kouzes, Jamed M. and Barry Z. Posner, The Leader Challenge: How to Get Extraordinary Things Done in Organizations, (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
Publishers, 1987)
, Our Kind of People: The Ethical Dimensions of Church Growth in America, (Atlanta: John Knox, 1979.), 170 pp.
Lakein, Alan, How to Get Control of Your Time and Your Life, (New York: Signet Book, 1974)
Lewis, Doglass G., Resolving Church Conflict: A Case Study Approach for Local Congregations, (San Francisco: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1983)
McConnell, Willian T. The Gift of Time, (Downers Grove: Inter Varsity Press, 1983)
Schaller, Lyle E., 44 Ways to expand the financial Base of Your Congregation. illust. by Tucker, Edward Lee, (Nashville: Abingdon Press), 1989)
, Illustrated by Tucker, Edward Lee, Growing Pain, (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1989)
Schuller, H. Robert, ed. Schuller, Robert A., Tells You How to Be an Extraordinary
Person in an Ordinary World, (Old Tappan:Fleming H. Revell Company, 1985)
Shelly, Marshal, Well-Intentioned Dragons: Ministering to Problem People in the Church, (Carol Stream: Christianity Today Inc., 1985)
Swenson, Roger A., Praying in Time, (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1991)
, How to Have a Healing Ministry in the Church: A Comprehensive Guide, (Ventura: Regal Books/A Division of GL Publications, 1988)
Ward, Hiely H., Creative Giving, (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1958)
¢Ã LEADERSHIP & COUNSELING
Becker, Palmer, Called to Care: A Training Manual for Small Group Leaders, (Scottdale: Herald Press, 1993)
, Called to Equip: A Training and Resource Manual for Pastors, (Scottdale: Herald
Press, 1993)
Burns, James McGREGO, Leadership, (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1979)
Collins, Gary R., Christian Counseling: A Comprehensive Guide, (Dalas: Word Publishing, 1988)
D'Souza, Anthony, Being a Leader, (Atlanta: A Publication of Haggai Institute, 1985)
, Leading Others, (Atlanta: A Publication of Haggai Institute, 1986) Engstrom, Ted W., The Making of a Christian Leader, (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1976)
Ford, Leighton, Transforming Leadership: Jesus' Way of Creating Vision, Shaping Avalues & Empowering Change, (Downers Grove: Inter-Varsity Press, 1991)
, Competent to Lead, (Chicago: Moody Press, 1976)
, Feeding & Leading, (Wheaton: Victor Books), 1989)
Gerig, Donald, Leadership in Crisis, (Ventural: Regal Books, A Division of G/L
Publications, 1981)
Greenslade, Philip, Leadership, Greatness & Servanthood, (Minneapolis: Bethany House Publishers, 1984)
Hian, Chua Wee, The Making of A Leader: A Guidebook for Present and Future Leaders, (Downers Grove: Inter-Varsity Press, 1987)
Huber, Evelyn M., Enlist Train Support Church Leaders, (Valley Forge: Judson Press, 1975)
Keating, Chaeles J., The Leadership Book, (New York/Ramesy: Paulist Press, 1982)
King, Phillip, Leadership Explosion, (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1987)
, The Leadership Challenge, (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1987, 1990)
Kramer, Bert. Growing Together, (Everyday Publications Inc., Scarborough, Canada, 1982.), 64 pp.
Lee, Harris W., Effective Church Leadership: A Practical Source Book, (Minneapolis: Ausburg, 1989)
Milhouse, Paul W., Enlisting and Developing Church Leaders, (Anderson: The Warner Press, 1946)
Miller, Calvin, Leadership: Thirteen Studies for Individuals or Groups, (Colorado Springs: NavPress, 1988)
Pratney, Winkie, A Handbook for Followers of Jesus, (Minneapolis:Bethany House Publishers, 1977)
Richards, Lawrence O. & Hoeldtke, Clyde, Church Leadership: Following the Example of Jesus Christ, (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing Hous, 1980)
, Creative Leadership Series: Assimilating New Members, (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1989)
White, John, Excellence in Leadership: Leading Goal with Prayer, courage & Ditermination,
(Downers Grove: Inter-Varsity Press, 1986)
TIME AND TEMPERAMENT
¨ç Chronos (¥Ö¥ñ¥ï¥íός) ..... the measure of time itself (sand, dial, clock (time, day and night, season, months, years, centuries: arbitrary and outward sighns)
1) time is gold
2) time is money
¨è Kairos (¥Ê¥á¥é¥ñός) ........ qualitative time which cannot be measured by the clock.
1) time is love
2) time is life
(1) Time and Personality
1. Disposition (temperament)
¨ç inner directed or other directed
¨è introvert or extrovert
¨é an Oriental or a European
2. Division of Personality (Ancient medical belief)
(1) Blood (sanguine: bloody or optimistic)
¨ç warm
¨è lively personality
¨é given to the moment
(2) Phlegm (phlegmatic: coldly, phlegmatically)
¨ç cool
¨è slow
¨é more detached from the press of events
(3) Choler (yellow bile: hasty)
¨ç hot-blooded
¨è eager
¨é oriented toward the future
(4) Choler (black bile: melancholy)
¨ç serious
¨è dark
¨é gloomy given to meditation on the past
¡á Carl Jung (Psychological Types)
(1) Sensation type (sanguine)
(2) Thinking type (phlegmatic)
(3) Intuitive type (choleric)
(4) Feeling type (melancholic)
¡á Books for this theme
Hallesby, Ole, Temperament and the Christian Faith, and
the Psycho-typology of Time in The Future of Time
(2) Cultural Traits
When a whole group of people exhibit the same rhythm of life, these classifications can apply to an entire society or culture.
1) South East Asia: longer time waiting for....(patient)
2) Latin America: only 1% punctuality (sanguine, love)
3) African Society: melancholic (back ward, tradition-oriented)
4) North America: feel a different pulse-bit
5) Anglo-Saxon: practical choleric (plans, decides, acts)
6) Japanese: wet(Latin or Philipino) and dry(Anglo-Saxon)
3. TELLING TIME IN TIJUANA
1) European Style of Time Concept : Punctuality
2) West Style of Time Concept : Emotive temperaments
[Con]
(1) Informal Patterns of Time
(2) Event-oriented Work
(3) Time and Church
1) backward style: experience-oriented views of time
¨ç looking back to God's work in history
¨è moment-by-moment work of faith
¨é no sheets of paper but guitar
¨ê expression of such worship forms (Mexico)
2) Forward style: future-oriented views of time
¨ç looking forward the victorious end of history
¨è concerned about eschatology (predominantly choleric North America)
(4) Cultural Dominance
(5) God's Timetable
1. Future-oriented Philosophy of Time : Time is Money
(1) a limited and increasing resource
(2) faster in speed (cultural speed)
¨ç the first wave (agricultural revolution: labour power)
¨è the second wave (industrial revolution: technological power)
¨é the third wave (informational revolution: intellectual power)
¨ê the fourth wave (eschalogical revolution: faith power)
¨ë the fifth wave (millenialistic revolution: spiritual power)
(3) technological time (calendar)
2. Event-oriented Philosophy of Time : Time is Love
(1) unlimited and increasing resource
(2) slowly in speed (God's speed)
(3) inner time (fourth dimension)
Ex. Koyama:
God walks "slowly" because he is love. If he is not love he would have gone much faster. Love has its speed. It is an inner speed.... It is a different kind of speed from the technological speed to which we are accustomed..... It goes on in the depth of our life..... at three miles an hour. It is the speed we walk and therefore it is the speed the love of God walks.
(6) Pastoral Timetable
1. Rhythm (Schedule accoding to the time)
»ï»ó 10:7...ÀÌ Â¡Á¶°¡ ³×°Ô ÀÓÇÏ°Åµç ³Ê´Â ±âȸ¸¦ µû¶ó ÇàÇ϶ó Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ³Ê¿Í ÇÔ²² ÇϽôÀ´Ï¶ó
°Ö 34:26.... ³»°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô º¹À» ³»¸®¸ç ³» »ê »ç¸é ¸ðµç °÷µµ º¹µÇ°Ô ÇÏ¿© ¶§¸¦ µû¶ó ºñ¸¦ ³»¸®µÇ º¹µÈ À帶ºñ¸¦ ³»¸®¸®¶ó
¸¶24:45..... Ã漺µÇ°í ÁöÇý ÀÖ´Â Á¾ÀÌ µÇ¾î ÁÖÀο¡°Ô ±× Áý »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸Ã¾Æ ¶§¸¦ µû¶ó ¾ç½ÄÀ» ³ª´² ÁÙ ÀÚ°¡ ´©±¸´¢
´ª12:42..... ÁÖ²²¼ °¡¶ó»ç´ë ÁöÇý ÀÖ°í Áø½ÇÇÑ Ã»Áö±â°¡ µÇ¾î ÁÖÀο¡°Ô ±× Áý Á¾µéÀ» ¸Ã¾Æ ¶§¸¦ µû¶ó ¾ç½ÄÀ» ³ª´©¾î ÁÙ ÀÚ°¡ ´©±¸³Ä
2. Making-time (Create the time: miracle)
(1) ¼ö 10:12-14
(2) ¿Õ»ó 20:9-11
3. Methods of the time (for the present time)
(1) Choice of Priority
(2) Concentration
(3) Speed (characteristics of information)
(4) Analysis (characteristics of information)
(5) Arrange (characteristics of information)
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