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[³í¹®] THE ARGUMENTS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF GOD IN CHRISTIAN APOLOGETICS (¿µ/ÇÑ) (07)
PAUL  2022-01-11 18:16:43, Á¶È¸ : 976

Paul Jang
2021³â 12¿ù 24ÀÏ ¿ÀÀü 6:07 ¡¤
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A DEMONSTRATION OF GOD AND THE ARGUMENTS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF CHRISTIAN GOD IN CHRISTIAN APOLOGETICS (07)
by Dr. Paul B. Jang (Ph.D, Christian Apologetics) (¿µ¹®/ÇѱÛ) ✝✝✝

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURES:
PHILOSOPHICAL AND THEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE CONCEPTS AND EXISTENCE OF GOD
HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL SURVEY

The Concept of Existence in Modern Times

The concepts of existence of most contemporary philosophers have shown a tendency to the existentialism. This tendency may have been influenced by the thought of existential philosophy.
Contemporary existentialism has had an effect on most fields of modern sciences: philosophy, literature, theology, and so on, especially the existentialism. It has had much effect on the philosophy of existence and the theology of existence.

Heidegger had many kinds of concepts of existence: the existence of things, the existence of instruments, and the existence of human-beings. He had suggested the existential concept of existence in the beginning of his great work (Whal, 1948, 41).

Paul Tillich explained the existence as a synonym of being, saying that it has the possibility, and they are the Forces (Ground) of Being (Tillich, ed. Mackenzie D. Brown, trans. Lee, 1971, 66).
J.A.T. Robinson, in accordance with Tillich, said that God can be named to the ground of this infinite history (Robinson, trans. Hyun, 1968, 58).

David Hume had united faith and existence. He explained that all faith is a faith in an existence and the content of a faith (Whal, 1948, 39). He insisted that the concept of existence can be inferred by analogy. According to him, the Deity can be known to us only by his productions, by which is the same reasonings from the works of nature. He explained as follows:
the case is not the same with our reasonings from the works of nature. The Deity is known to us only by his productions, and is a single being in the universe, not comprehended under any species or genus, from whose experienced attributes or qualities we can, by analogy, infer any attribute or quality in him (Hume, in the Great Books, 1971, 502).

Gabriel Marcel Bradley, in particular insisted that the existence of human-being was a sensory existence (Wahl, 1948, 46).

Jaspers insisted that existence is election in accordance with the existentialistic philosophers, Kierkegaard and Nietzsche (Wahl, 1948, 46).

Sartre explained an abstract conception of existence by giving a difference between the existence in him and the existence to him (Wahl, 1948, 53).

Robert P. Scharlemann said God appears just between being and nonbeing, and the name God signifies one that belongs nowhere in the metaphysical alternative because it is the excluded third possibility, the tertium of the tertium non datur (Scharlemann, 1981, 60).

For Nietzsche, God was only an emblem, the highest symbol for human alienation, who was created by man in order to be punished, rewarded, ordered, patronized, humiliated, suppressed and, finally, redeemed by his own creation (Staguhn, 1990, 32). He substituted God for man through the sentence of death of God (Tillich, trans. Song, 1980, 247).

- To be Continued -
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Çö´ëÀÇ Á¸Àç°³³ä

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Çö´ë ½ÇÁ¸ÁÖÀÇ´Â ´ëºÎºÐ Çö´ëÇй®: öÇÐ, ¹®ÇÐ, ½ÅÇÐ µîµî, ƯÈ÷ ½ÇÁ¸ÁÖÀÇ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢ÃÆ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¸ÁÖÀÇ´Â Á¸ÀçÀÇ Ã¶Çаú Á¸ÀçÀÇ ½ÅÇп¡ ´ë´ÜÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢ÃÆ´Ù.

Heidegger´Â ¸¹Àº Á¾·ùÀÇ Á¸ÀçÀÇ °³³äÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù: ¸¸¹°ÀÇ Á¸Àç, µµ±¸ÀÇ Á¸Àç, ±×¸®°í Àΰ£ÀÇ Á¸Àç µî. ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ °ÉÀÛÀÇ Ãʱ⿡ ½ÇÁ¸Àû Á¸ÀçÀÇ °³³äÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù(Wahl, 1948, 41).

Paul Tillich´Â ¡°Á¸À硱¿Í µ¿ÀǾî·Î¼­ ¼³¸íÇÏ¿© ±×°ÍÀÌ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ¸»ÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, ±×µéÀº Á¸ÀçÀÇ ¼¼·Â(±Ù°Å)¶ó°í Çß´Ù(Tillich, ed. Mackenzie D. Brown, trans. Lee, 1971, 66).

RobinsonÀº Tillich¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ°Ô Çϳª´ÔÀº ¡°ÀÌ ¹«ÇÑÇÑ ¿ª»çÀÇ ±Ù°Å¡±¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÁöĪÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù(Robinson, trans. Hyun, 1968, 58).

µ¥À̺ø ÈâÀº ½Å¾Ó°ú Á¸À縦 °áÇÕ½ÃÄ×´Ù. ±×´Â ¸ðµç ½Å¾ÓÀº Á¸Àç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å¾Ó°ú ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ̶ó°í ¼³¸íÇß´Ù(Wahl, 1948, 39). ±×´Â Á¸ÀçÀÇ °³³äÀº À¯Ãß¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Ãß·ÐµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. ±×¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ½Å¼ºÀ̶õ ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ÀÛÇ°À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Ã߸®ÀÎ, ´ÜÁö ±×ÀÇ ÀÛÇ°µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³¸íÇß´Ù:
±× °æ¿ì´Â ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ÀÛÇ°µé·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Ã߸®¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ±× ½Å¼ºÀº ´ÜÁö ±×ÀÇ ÀÛÇ°¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁø´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× ½Å¼ºÀº ¿ìÁÖ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´ÜÀÏ Á¸Àç·Î, ¿ì¸®°¡ À¯Ãß¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±× ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² ¼Ó¼ºÀ̳ª ÁúÀ» Ã߸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² Á¾À̳ª ¼Ó¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǴ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù(Hume, in the Great Books, 1971, 502).

Bradley´Â ƯÈ÷ Àΰ£ÀÇ Á¸Àç´Â °¨°¢ÀûÀÎ Á¸Àç¶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù(Wahl. 1948, 46). Jaspers´Â ¡°Á¸À硱´Â ½ÇÁ¸ÁÖÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚ, Kierkegaard ¿Í Nietzsche¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ°Ô, ¡°¼±Åá±À̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù(Wahl, 1948, 46).

Sartre´Â ¡°±× ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Á¸À硱¿Í ¡°±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¸À硱ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó Ãß»óÀûÀÎ Á¸ÀçÀÇ °³³äÀ» ¼³¸íÇß´Ù(Wahl, 1948, 53).

Scharlemann´Â ¡°Çϳª´ÔÀº Á¸Àç¿Í ºñÁ¸Àç ¹Ù·Î ±× »çÀÌ¿¡ µîÀåÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¡±Çϳª´Ô¡°À̶ó´Â À̸§ ±×°ÍÀÌ Á¦3ÀÇ °¡´É¼º, tertium of the tertium non daturÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀûÀÎ ´ë¾ÈÀ¸·Î ¾Æ¹« µ¥µµ ¼ÓÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù(Scharlemann, 1981, 60).

Nietzsche¿¡°Ô À־ Çϳª´ÔÀº ´ÜÁö Àΰ£ÀûÀÎ ¼Ò¿Ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁöÁ¸ÀÇ »ó¡À¸·Î¼­ÀÇ Ç¥»óÀ¸·Î ½ÉÆÇ°ú º¸»ó°ú ¸í·É°ú º¸È£¿Í °â¼Õ°ú ¾ï¾ÐµÇµµ·Ï Àΰ£¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³°í, ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇÇÁ¶¹°¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¼Ò¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Ù(Staguhn, 1990, 32). ±×´Â Çϳª´ÔÀ» ½ÅÀÇ »ç¸ÁÀ» ¼±¾ðÇÔÀ¸·Î Àΰ£°ú ´ëÄ¡½ÃÄ×´Ù(Tillich, trans. Song, 1980, 247). 💟💟💟

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